论反垄断法对美国大学体育业余性的挑战  

Challenges to the Amateurism of American Collegiate Athletics by Antitrust Law

作　　者：周青山[1,2] ZHOU Qingshan(Law School of Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Hunan Legalization and Local Governance, Xiangtan 411105, China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湘潭411105 [2]法治湖南建设与区域社会治理协同创新中心,湘潭411105

出　　处：《体育科研》2017年第5期15-21,共7页Sport Science Research

基　　金：湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(17A214)

摘　　要：美国大学体育一直坚持其业余性的立场,为保障其业余性,美国大学生体育联合会(NCAA)限制大学生运动员分享商业开发所获得的收益。文章以美国法院裁决的O'Bannon Vs.NCAA案为例,剖析了NCAA业余性所面临的反垄断法挑战,指出该案所体现的核心问题:一是学校体育内部运作的职业化限度问题;二是学校体育与职业体育之间关系的界定。并通过分析提出对我国学校体育发展的启示:(1)建立符合中国国情的学校体育利益分配机制;(2)妥善处理好学校体育与职业体育之间的关系;(3)在立法时为学校体育发展提供良好的法制环境。National Collegiate Athletic Association of USA always adheres to amateurism.In order to ensure its amateurism,NCAA limits students’rights to share the benefits of business development.Taking the case of O’Bannon v.NCAA as an example,the article analyzes the challenges of Antitrust Law,which NCAA is facing.It points out the core issues in the case,i.e.,the limitation of professionalism of the internal operation of collegiate sports and how to define collegiate sports and professional sports.It suggests the measures for the development of Chinese collegiate sports,i.e.,to establish allocation mechanism of collegiate sport benefits that conforms to China’s national conditions,properly handling the relationship between collegiate sports and professional sports and offering better legal conditions for the development of collegiate sports during the course of legislation.

关 键 词：美国大学体育 业余体育 职业体育 谢尔曼法 反垄断 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]