选择性剪接与无义介导的mRNA降解机制研究进展  

The research progress of alternative splicing and nonsense mediated mRNA decay mechanism

作　　者：陈彬[1] 孙珏 谢曼丽 赵爱光[2] 陈伟霞[2] CHEN Bin;SUN Yu;XIE Man -li(Department of Oncology,Putuo Hospital,Shanghai University of TCM and Materia Medica,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学附属普陀医院肿瘤科,200062 [2]上海中医药大学附属龙华医院肿瘤科,200032

出　　处：《实用医药杂志》2017年第11期1039-1043,共5页Practical Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy

基　　金：上海中医药大学预算内项目(2015YSN51);国家自然科学基金项目(81373861)

摘　　要：mRNA的选择性剪接(alternative splicing,AS)是基因转录后的重要调节机制,也是增加蛋白质种类和数量,使有限的基因表达出更多蛋白质的主要机制。无义介导的m RNA降解(nonsense mediated m RNA decay,NMD)机制是一种存在于细胞内的m RNA监控机制,能检测并快速降解突变的m RNA。研究表明AS常与NMD机制相偶联,当某种基因表达异常升高时,通过AS产生可以被NMD降解的m RNA剪接异构体而下调该基因的表达,从而使基因表达维持在正常范围。AS和NMD机制的异常与人类多种遗传病和癌症的发生机制密切相关。故综述选择性剪接与无义介导的m RNA降解机制的机理及研究进展。Alternative splicing(AS)is an important regulatory mechanism for gene transcription.It is also a major mechanism for increasing the species and number of proteins and allowing more genes to express more proteins.The nonsense mediated mRNA decay(NMD)mechanism is a mechanism of mRNA monitoring in cells that can detect and rapidly degrade mutated mRNAs.Studies have shown that AS is often associated with NMD,when a certain gene expression increased abnormally,AS-NMD can degrade mRNA splicing isoforms and down-regulate gene expression,so that make gene expression maintained in the normal range.The abnormalities of AS and NMD mechanisms are closely related to the pathogenesis of many human genetic diseases and cancers.In this paper,authors reviewed the mechanism and research progress of alternative splicing and nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

关 键 词：选择性剪接 无义介导的mRNA降解机制 多聚嘧啶区域结合蛋白1 

分 类 号：R496[医药卫生—康复医学]