耕作方式对双季机插水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of tillage methods on yield of double cropping rice with machine–transplanted and soil physical-chemical properties

作　　者：吴建富[1,2] 曾研华 赵新帆[1,2] 范呈根 潘晓华 石庆华[1] WU Jianfu;ZENG Yanhua;ZHAO Xinfan;FAN Chenggen;PAN Xiaohua;SHI Qinghua(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;Ecology Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resource and Ecology in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330045, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第6期581-585,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31660596;31460540);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B12);国家科技支撑计划循环农业科技工程项目(2012BAD14B14)

摘　　要：2011—2015年,分别以中嘉早17和五丰优T025为早、晚稻材料,在大田定位试验条件下,比较传统翻耕(CT)、机械旋耕(RT)对双季机插水稻产量、根系、土层分布和土壤容重、总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、田间持水量、土壤养分的影响。结果表明:处理CT和RT早、晚稻季产量、年均产量和年度间产量变异系数差异均不明显,处理CT早、晚稻根系的干质量显著高于处理RT,增幅分别为7.0%~22.8%和4.0%~15.1%(P<0.05);早、晚稻处理CT土层0~10 cm、>10~20 cm的根系干质量均大于处理RT;处理CT土层0~10 cm的土壤容重、总孔隙度和通气孔隙度与RT的差异均不显著,而处理CT土层>10~20 cm的土壤容重显著低于处理RT的,降幅为6.5%~8.9%(P<0.05);处理CT的总孔隙度和通气孔隙度显著高于处理RT的,增幅分别为6.7%~8.8%和6.2%~8.1%(P<0.05);处理CT土层0~10 cm和>10~20 cm的田间持水量显著高于处理RT,增幅分别为5.4%和13.4%(P<0.05);2个处理土层0~10 cm土壤有机质、全氮含量差异不明显,但处理CT土层>10~20 cm土壤有机质和全氮含量均显著高于处理RT,增幅分别为8.9%~9.2%和9.0%~15.2%(P<0.05);土壤有效氮、磷、钾含量的变化趋势与有机质含量变化相似。Localized experiments were conducted in paddy field with double cropping system during2011–2015to study the effects of conventional tillage(CT)and rotary tillage(RT)on yield,root dry weight and distribution,and the soil fertility indexes,such as density,porosity,field capacity and nutrient were simultaneously determined in this study.Results showed that there were no significant difference on the coefficient of variation of the season yield,average year yield and inter–year yield between CT and RT.The root total dry weights of early and late rice of CT were7.0%–22.8%and4.0%–15.1%(P<0.05)higher than those of RT,respectively;the root dry weight in the layer of0–10cm and>10–20cm of CT was greater than that of RT;the soil density and porosity in the layer of0–10cm were not significant different between CT and RT,while the soil density of CT in the layer of>10–20cm was6.5%–8.9%(P<0.05)lower than that of RT;the aeration porosity and total porosity of CT were6.7%–8.8%and6.2%–8.1%(P<0.05)higher than those of RT,respectively;the field capacities in the layer of0–10cm and>10–20cm of CT were5.4%and13.4%(P<0.05)higher than those of RT,respectively;the soil organic matter and total N in the layer of0–10cm were not significant different between CT and RT,while the contents of soil organic matter and total N in the layer of>10–20cm of CT were8.9%–9.2%and9.0%–15.2%(P<0.05)higher than those of RT,respectively;the change trends of contents of soil alkaline hydrology N,available P and available K were similar to organic matter.

关 键 词：双季稻 耕作方式 机插 产量 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]