不同情景增温对假臭草生长竞争的影响  

Effect of simulated warming on growth and competition of Eupatorium catarium

作　　者：刘小文 齐成媚[1] 曾丽亚 刘永昌 廖海兵 袁志辉 何福林[1,2] 胡克坚 LIU Xiaowen;QI Chengmei;ZENG Liya;LIU Yongchang;LIAO Haibing;YUAN Zhihui;HE Fulin;HU Kejian(Life Science & Chemical Engineering Department Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, China;Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院,湖南永州425199 [2]湖南科技学院湘南优势植物资源综合利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南永州425199

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第6期604-609,共6页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31601696);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201600);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017NK23601);湖南省重点实验室开放基金(XNZW15C16);江西省持久性污染物控制与资源循环利用重点实验室开放基金项目(ES201780289);湖南科技学院科学研究项目(2015XKY007)

摘　　要：为探明假臭草在气候变暖条件下的生存机理及入侵性,采用模拟增温法研究了白天增温(07:00—19:00,增温2℃),夜间增温(19:00至次日07:00,增温2℃)和全天增温(增温2℃)3种增温模式及与伴生植物山莴苣混种对假臭草的株高、根长、叶对数、叶面积、生物量分配和攻击力系数等的影响。结果表明:3种增温模式均能明显促进假臭草植株的生长,与对照(常温处理)均差异显著(P<0.05),其中白天增温处理对假臭草生长和形态的影响最大,株高较对照增幅为29.81%;除全天增温处理假臭草的主根长变化不明显外,其他增温处理假臭草的主根长均有显著增加(P<0.05),尤以白天增温的效果最明显;白天增温处理,假臭草的叶对数和叶面积均显著高于对照,分别为对照的1.32倍和1.25倍,而夜间增温、全天增温处理与对照的差异均无统计学意义;3种增温处理均能增加假臭草的总生物量,其中地上部分的增长幅度最为明显,白天、全天、夜间增温处理的地上部分增长幅度分别为36.57%、22.39%、13.81%;3种增温处理均降低了假臭草的根重比,其中以白天增温降幅最大,为20.35%,其次为全天增温,降幅为11.04%,夜间增温影响较小;白天增温与全天增温处理均增加了假臭草的茎重比,增幅分别为18.42%,6.15%,而夜间增温增幅较小;3种增温处理均使假臭草的叶重比及根冠比有一定程度的减少,均表现为白天增温模式下减少最明显,减幅分别为16.40%,31.10%;在常温条件下,与山莴苣混种的假臭草的株高、总生物量都显著或极显著高于单种的,且随着假臭草混种比例增加,假臭草的株高和总生物量呈明显下降趋势;在增温处理条件下,假臭草的株高和总生物量随其混种比例增加呈先升高后下降的趋势;在增温和对照条件下,假臭草的相对产量(RY)随其混种比例的增加而增加;假臭草对山莴苣的攻击力系数(Aa)随其混种比例的增加而�In order to investigate the growth characteristics and understand the survival strategies and invasiveness of invasive plant under the climate warming conditions,the invasive plant Eupatorium catarium was mixed cropping with its accompanying plant Lagedium sibiricum,three simulated warming patterns(increase2℃in the daytime of07:00–19:00,increase2℃in the nighttime of19:00–07:00and increase2℃in the daytime of07:00–19:00and in the nighttime of19:00–07:00)were conducted and the plant height,root length,leaf number,module biomass and the interspecific competition of Eupatorium catarium were measured.The main results were as follows:the increasing of temperature had not only promoted the stem height and root length of Eupatorium catarium obviously,but also increased its leaf number and leaf area.Daily warming(07:00–19:00,2℃)had the most effect on its growth and morphological features.When mixed with Lagedium sibiricum,the plant height,the total biomass,the relative yield,the total relative yield of Eupatorium catarium were much higher than those of the monoculture.The interspecific competitiveness of Eupatorium catarium was enhanced with the increasement of the mix ratio of Eupatorium catarium and Lagedium sibiricum,which showed a certain dependency to the the mix ratio.Under the condition of warming and normal temperature,the interspecific competitiveness of Eupatorium catarium with low mix ratio was less than zero and independent the environment.It manifested that Eupatorium catarium had strong morphological plasticity which affected the invasion ability,and might rapidly colonize and expansion by adapting climate warming environment.

关 键 词：假臭草 山莴苣 增温 竞争 生物量分配 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]