极端气温变化对内蒙古地区榆树物候期的影响  

Influence of extreme temperatures change on Ulmus pumila phenophase in Inner Mongolia area

作　　者：杨丽萍[1] 冯旭宇[1] 闫伟兄[1] 郭晓丽 秦艳[3] 贾成朕[1] YANG Li-ping;FENG Xu-yu;YAN Wei-xiong;GUO Xiao-li;QIN Yan;JIA Cheng-zhen(Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Meteorology,Inner Mongolia Meteorological Service,Huhhot 010051,China;Ulanqab Meteorological Service,Jining 012000 China;Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huhhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]乌兰察布市气象局,内蒙古集宁012000 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2017年第5期97-102,共6页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200540);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2014MS0352);内蒙古自然科学基金(2017MS0377);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2014CB1388011);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR2015-04);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD13B07);国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-35-29);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201522)共同资助

摘　　要：基于1985—2012年内蒙古自治区武川和翁牛特地区榆树物候观测数据及同期极端气温观测资料,采用线性倾向估计法和Pearson相关系数法等方法分析了内蒙古地区榆树物候期的变化特征及极端气温对物候期的影响,本文研究结果对林业生产实践具有重要的指导意义。结果表明:1985—2012年武川和翁牛特地区极端最高气温波动不明显,但极端最低气温变化幅度较大,且两地存在明显差异,武川地区极端最低气温显著增温,气候倾向率为0.617℃/10 a,翁牛特地区极端最低气温显著降温,气候倾向率为-0.678℃/10 a。近28 a来,武川和翁牛特地区榆树花芽开放期均呈显著提前的趋势,而两地榆树落叶末期则分别呈极显著推迟和显著提前的趋势;榆树生长季相对延长,武川和翁牛特地区榆树生长季平均每10 a分别延长了14.14 d、2.37 d。可见,极端最高气温是影响内蒙古地区榆树花芽开放期的关键气象因子,榆树落叶末期对极端最低气温较敏感。Based on Ulmus pumila phenophase and simultaneous extreme temperatures data in Wuchuan and Ongniud area of inner Mongolia during19852012,the change characteristics of Ulmus pumila phenophase and its response to extreme temperatures were investigated using linear tendency estimation and Pearson correlation coefficient methods.The study will play an important role in guiding forest productive practice.The results show that the extreme maximum temperature fluctuates inconspicuously in the two studied areas during19852012.On the contrary,the extreme minimum temperature indicates a dramatic and different variation in the two areas.The extreme minimum temperature in Wuchuan increases with a tendency rate of0.617℃/10a and that in Ongniud decreases significantly with a tendency rate of0.678℃/10a,respectively.In addition,the Ulmus pumila florescences in the two areas show a starting earlier trend,but the end dates of leaf fall lag behind and bring forward significantly as well as the growth periods prolong relatively with a rate of14.14d/10a and2.37d/10a in Wuchuan and Ongniud,respectively,throughout the recent28years.In conclusion,the extreme maximum temperature is the key meteorological factor impacting the Ulmus pumila florescence while the end date of leaf fall of Ulmus pumila is more sensitive to the extreme minimum temperature.

关 键 词：榆树 物候期 极端气温 气候倾向率 相关分析 

分 类 号：S162.59[农业科学—农业气象学]