不同穗型小麦品种小花发育成粒对氮肥的响应  

Response of florets development and grain formation in different spike wheat cultivars to nitrogen application

作　　者：赵丽 杨家蘅 李胜楠 查菲娜[2] 远彤 段剑钊 朱云集[1] ZHAO Li;YANG Jiaheng;LI Shengnan;ZHA Feina;YUAN Tong;DUAN Jianzhao;ZHU Yunji(College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;Meteorological Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450048, China;College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002 [2]河南省气象局,郑州450048 [3]河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第11期1636-1642,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571607)资助~~

摘　　要：为探索不同穗型小麦品种小花发育成粒对氮肥的响应,本试验以大穗型品种‘周麦16’和多穗型品种‘豫麦49’为供试材料,设置不同施氮水平0 kg(N)·hm^(-2)、180 kg(N)·hm^(-2)和360 kg(N)·hm^(-2),观察分析了两个穗型小麦品种小花发育动态模式和结实特性。结果显示,随着生长度日(GDD)的增加,不同氮水平下2品种小花发育动态变化趋势相似,小花分化均符合二次曲线方程模式,退化和败育符合一次线性方程,R2均达显著水平。大穗型品种‘周麦16’小花分化总数显著高于多穗型品种‘豫麦49’,在360 kg(N)·hm^(-2)处理差异极显著;大穗型品种‘周麦16’表现出随施氮量增加,小花分化和退化速率提高,有利于可孕小花的形成、增加结实粒数,最终180 kg(N)·hm^(-2)处理结实粒数显著高于其他处理,较360 kg(N)·hm^(-2)处理平均每穗粒数增加2.04粒;多穗型品种‘豫麦49’尽管分化小花总量不高,但小花退化和可孕小花败育速率较低,在180 kg(N)·hm^(-2)施氮水平表现出高的可孕小花数量和结实粒数,但与高施氮处理相比差异不显著。表明就增加穗粒数而言,两品种均以180 kg(N)·hm^(-2)较为适宜,从最终产量及产量构成分析结果来看,‘豫麦49’表现出与穗粒数相同的结果,而‘周麦16’在高施氮条件下可通过增加成穗数和穗粒数提高产量。Wheat provides20%of the calorie and protein consumed by humans.Further improvement in wheat yield potential is needed to meet future food demand.As yield is related to the number of grains,an understanding of the generation of grain is critical for increasing yield.Nitrogen is an important nutrient affecting the growth and development of wheat.Wheat yield is calculated as the number of grains per square meter,which in turn is related to the number of fertile florets at anthesis.In this study,the dynamics of floret generation and degeneration were studied in contrasting conditions of0kg·hm?2,180kg·hm?2and360kg·hm?2of nitrogen(N).The modern,well-adapted large-spike wheat cultivar'Zhoumai16'and multi-spike wheat cultivar'Yumai49'were used at the materials.The results indicated that the dynamic characteristics of floret development of two cultivars were similar under different nitrogen applications with increasing degree-days(GDD).The dynamics of floret differentiation conformed to quadratic curve model.Besides,both floret degeneration and infertility conformed to linear equation.Moreover,the correlations were all significant.The large spike-cultivar'Zhoumai16'developed more florets than multi-spike cultivar'Yumai49',especially under nitrogen level of180kg(N)·hm?2.For increased nitrogen application,large spike cultivar wheat'Zhoumai16'had more floret differentiation and faster floret differentiation and degeneration rates,which helped increase kernel number.This clearly indicated that the number of florets was not the only factor that determined grain number,hence there was need to place more focus on cultivation regulation at later stages of floret development.However,multi-spike cultivar'Yumai49'had more floret differentiation and fertile spikelet under medium nitrogen level[180kg(N)·hm?2]than under low and high nitrogen levels.Although the total number of floret differentiation of multi-spike cultivar'Yumai49'was less than that of large-spike cultivar'Zhoumai16',the degeneration and infertility rates were rat

关 键 词：小麦 氮水平 穗型 小花分化 动态模式 结实特性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]