微润灌对作物产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of moistube-irrigation on crop yield and water use efficiency

作　　者：张明智 牛文全[3,4] 路振广[1,2] 李元 王京伟[4] 邱新强[1,2] ZHANG Mingzhi;NIU Wenquan;LU Zhenguang;LI Yuan;WANG Jingwei;QIU Xinqiang(Henan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China;Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]河南省水利科学研究院,郑州450000 [2]河南省节水灌溉工程技术研究中心,郑州450000 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第11期1671-1683,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：河南省基本科研业务费;河南省水利科技攻关计划项目(GG201602);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400202);国家自然科学基金项目(51679205)资助~~

摘　　要：为探明微润灌对作物生长及产量的影响,以夏玉米和冬小麦为研究对象,采用完全随机试验设计,对比研究微润灌不同毛管间距布置(20 cm、40 cm、60 cm)、地下滴灌和无灌溉对大田作物产量、水分利用效率和土壤电导率的影响。结果表明:与地下滴灌相比,微润灌用水量约为地下滴灌的1/4~4/5;由于灌水差异较大,作物产量有所降低,夏玉米产量显著下降(P<0.05),冬小麦产量下降,但未达显著水平(P>0.05);两作物水分利用效率有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);灌溉水分利用效率均显著提高(P<0.05)。随微润管布置间距的减小,作物产量呈增加趋势,作物水分利用效率与灌溉水分利用效率均呈减小趋势。综合考虑分析,在较为缺水的塿土区微润管最佳布置间距60 cm,此时可不显著降低产量同时提高水分利用效率。此外,微润灌布置间距对土壤电导率的影响较小。采用微润灌与地下滴灌处理时,随土层深增加,作物各生育期土壤电导率无显著差异(P>0.05)且变化趋势基本一致,表明微润灌与地下滴灌对土壤的影响具有一致性。微润灌下作物产量与灌浆成熟期10~20 cm土层土壤电导率和10~80 cm土层土壤平均电导率之间相关性显著。因此,采用灌浆成熟期10~20 cm土层土壤电导率或10~80 cm土层土壤平均电导率预估微润灌下的作物产量具有可行性。上述研究可为微润灌技术推广应用提供依据。In this study,summer corn and winter wheat were used to explore the effect of moistube-irrigation on crop growth and yield to support the generalization and application of moistube-irrigation technology.Comparative experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in order to determine yield,water use efficiency of summer corn and winter wheat and soil electrical conductivity.The treatments of the experiment included moistube-irrigation with different distances between moistubes(60cm,40cm and20cm)and subsurface drip irrigation and no irrigation as the controls.The irrigation amount of moistube-irrigation was1/4?4/5that of subsurface drip irrigation.The results showed crop yield decreases under moistube-irrigation treatments due to lower irrigation amount.However,the decrease was not significant for winter wheat though it was significant for summer corn.Water use efficiencies of both crops were not significantly changed under moistube-irrigation treatments compared with the treatment of subsurface dir irrigation,while the irrigation water use efficiencies of crops were increased significantly.While crop yield increased with decreasing moistube interval,crop water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency decreased.For the Lou soil region which contains less water,the best moistube layout distance in the region was60cm according to the results of crops yields and water use efficiencies.This improved irrigation water use efficiency without significantly reducing yield.In addition,moistube distance had little effect on soil electrical conductivity.With increasing soil depth,there was no significant difference(P>0.05)in soil electrical conductivity in each growth period of two crops.Also it's variation trends in moistube-irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation were very similar.It suggested that the effect of moistube-irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation on soil electrical conductivity was consistent.Therefore,moistube-irrigation was much as applicable in summer maize and winter wheat cultivation

关 键 词：微润灌 地下滴灌 产量 水分利用效率 土壤电导率 夏玉米 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.11