不同灌水时期与灌水量膜下滴灌对马铃薯生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Period and Volume on Growth and Yield of Potato with Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film

作　　者：王晨[1] 魏千贺 范春梅 陈劲松 彭尔瑞 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650200 [2]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650200

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2017年第9期45-48,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省财政厅项目"云南冬马铃薯作物需水规律及其水肥耦合研究"(A3007680);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目"节水灌溉对冬作马铃薯及田间土壤水分的影响研究"(2014Y192)

摘　　要：为云南冬春季马铃薯灌溉制度的制定提供参考,在大田进行不同灌水量(24m3/hm^2、48m3/hm^2、72m3/hm^2、96m3/hm^2)、不同灌水时期(出苗后、开花期、淀粉积累期)膜下滴灌对冬春马铃薯生长及产量的影响试验。结果表明:膜下滴灌较对照(自然生长)最高增产7 644kg/hm^2,增产率为12.75%,商品率高达98.4%;在同一灌水量下,开花期充分灌水会促进马铃薯株高、茎粗和块茎生长,增加产量,出苗后和淀粉积累期水分过量或不足均会对其生长及产量造成不良影响;在同一灌水时期,随着灌水量的增加株高与茎粗增大,产量呈先增加后减少趋势,其中灌水量为96 m3/hm^2,出苗后与开花期各灌水1次的产量最高,达67 575kg/hm^2,比灌水量96 m3/hm^2,出苗后、开花期与淀粉积累期各灌水1次高9 645kg/hm^2,节省96m3/hm^2。灌水量96m3/hm^2,出苗后与开花期各灌水1次可作为云南冬春季马铃薯大田生产的适宜灌水量。In order to provide references for the formulation of potato irrigation system,an experiment was conducted the explore the effects of irrigation volume(24m^3/hm^2,48m^3/hm^2,72m^3/hm^2,96m^3/hm^2)and irrigation period(after emergence,flowering period,starch accumulation period)on growth and yield of potato with drip irrigation under plastic film.Results:Compared with the control(natural growth),drip irrigation increased potato yield by 7 644kg/hm^2,the increasing rate and commodity rate were respectively 12.75% and 98.4%;With the same irrigation volume,fully irrigated in flowering period promoted potato plant height,stem diameter and tuber growth,and increased the yield,while sufficient and insufficient irrigation volume after emergence and in starch accumulation period had negative effects on potato growth and yield;In the same irrigation period,plant height and stem diameter increased with irrigation volume,while potato yield first increased and then decreased.Irrigated one time respectively after emergence and in flowering period with irrigation volume of 96 m^3/hm^2 had the highest yield of67 575kg/hm^2,9 645 kg/hm^2 higher than irrigated one time respectively after emergence,and in flowering period and starch accumulation period with irrigation volume of 96 m^3/hm^2,and 96 m^3/hm^2 irrigation volume was saved as well.Consequently,irrigated one time respectively after emergence and in flowering period with irrigation volume of 96 m^3/hm^2 were optimum for field production of potatoes in winter and spring.

关 键 词：灌水时期 灌水量 冬春马铃薯 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]