常规氮肥与缓释氮肥配施对不同株距机插杂交稻磷素吸收、转运及分配特征的影响  

Effects of Conventional Urea Combined with Slow-release Urea Application on Phosphorus Uptake, Translocation and Distribution in Mechanically Transplanted Rice with Different Plant Spacings

作　　者：王海月[1] 蒋明金[1] 孙永健[1] 郭长春[1] 殷尧翥 何艳[1] 严田蓉 杨志远[1] 徐徽[1] 马均[1] WANG Hai-Yue;JIANG Ming-Jin;SUN Yong-Jian;GUO Chang-Chun;YIN Yao-Zhu;HE Yan;YAN Tian-Rong;YANG Zhi-Yuan;XU Hui;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology,and Cultivation in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture,Wenjiang611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《作物学报》2018年第1期115-125,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项(2016YFD0300506);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B13);四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0044);四川省学术和技术带头人培养支持经费资助~~

摘　　要：在前期研究确定总氮用量180 kg hm–2下,缓释氮肥与常规氮肥7∶3配施比例可获得机插稻高产的基础上,研究缓释氮肥配施和不同株距下机插杂交稻磷素积累、分配与利用特征及其与产量的关系。采用二因素裂区设计,设3种机插株距(行距均为30 cm)16、18及20 cm和4个缓释氮肥用量(36、66、96和126 kg hm–2)与常规氮肥(均为54kg hm–2)配施处理。结果表明,缓释氮肥用量对机插稻主要生育时期磷素积累量、各生育阶段磷素吸收量及吸收速率、结实期茎鞘磷素转运量及转运率和叶片磷素转运率及贡献率均有显著影响。在株距为18 cm,群体密度为18.52万穴hm–2,缓释氮肥(96 kg hm–2)与常规氮肥(54 kg hm–2)配施总量为150 kg hm–2时,可有效提高机插稻对磷素的吸收,促进结实期茎鞘、叶片磷素向穗部的转运及分配,能充分发挥本区域机插杂交籼稻的优势,产量可达11 463.8 kg hm–2,为本试验的最佳肥密运筹处理。株距为16 cm,群体密度(20.84万穴hm–2)相对较大,施氮总量为180 kg hm–2时,群体吸收的磷总量较高,进一步促进了植株体内磷素的吸收转运及分配,有利于产量提高,但从节本增效的角度考虑,以缓释氮肥配施量150 kg hm–2为宜;株距增加到20 cm施氮总量在180 kg hm–2下,群体(16.67万穴hm–2)较小,吸收磷素的绝对量少,茎鞘、叶片中的磷素向穗部转运量多,穗部磷素积累量增加,产量增加。相关分析表明,株距与缓释氮肥配施量耦合下,尤其以齐穗期至成熟期茎鞘磷素转运量与产量相关性较高(r=0.72**),更有利于产量的提高。Spilt-plot design with plant spacing(16,18,and20cm with30cm-row spacing,respectively)as main plot and slow-release urea application rate(36,66,96,and126kg ha–1)combined with54kg ha–1of conventional urea as subplot was arranged.In the present study P accumulated amount of rice plant at the main growth stages,P absorption and P uptake rate during various growth stages,P translocation amount of stem-sheath,and the P translocation rate and P conversion rate of leaf at the grain-filling stage were significantly affected by the slow-release urea application rate.Ninety-six kg ha–1of slow-release urea combined with54kg ha–1of conventional urea significantly improved P uptake,translocation and redistribution under the plant spacing of18cm,which is a best cultural practices for mechanically transplanted rice with the highest yield of11463.8kg ha–1in Southwest.A relatively high plant density(208.4thousand plants per hectare)was established when the plant spacing was16cm.In addition,a higher total P accumulation amount of plant was achieved under126kg ha–1of slow-release urea,resulting in improved P redistribution and high grain yield.The relatively lower plant density(166.7thousand plants per hectare)was due to the larger plant spacing under the conditions of20cm-plant spacing and126kg ha–1of slow-release urea.Although P accumulated amount decreased,P translocation from stem-sheath and leaf to panicle increased,resulting in increased P accumulation in panicle and grain yield.Furthermore,a relatively high correlation between P translocation amount(especially the P translocation amount of stem-sheath from heading stage to maturity stage)and grain yield(r=0.72**)under a certain plant spacing combined with the slow-release urea,could be beneficial to improving grain yield.

关 键 词：机插稻 株距 缓释氮肥 磷素吸收 转运及分配 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]