安徽省不同地形条件下汛期短时强降水时空分布特征  

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of short-time strong precipitation in the flood season under different terrains over Anhui province

作　　者：童金[1] 魏凌翔[1] 叶金印[1] 周昆[1] 袁松[1] TONG Jin;WEI Ling-xiang;YE Jin-yin;ZHOU Kun;YUAN Song(Anhui Meteorological Observatory,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象台,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2017年第6期42-48,共7页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：中国气象局预报关键技术发展专项(YBGJXM(2017)06);中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2014M25)共同资助;公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406021)

摘　　要：利用2011—2015年安徽省自动气象站的降水观测资料和静止气象卫星FY-2E的黑体辐射温度(Black Body Temperature,TBB)资料,分析了安徽省不同地形条件下汛期短时强降水的时空分布特征及其与中尺度对流活动的关系,并对短时极端强降水的时空特征进行了初步探讨。结果表明:2011—2015年不同地形条件下皖南山区为安徽省汛期短时强降水集中出现的区域,其次为大别山区和中东部丘陵地区,淮北平原发生最少。安徽省不同地形条件下汛期短时强降水发生次数月变化呈显著的单峰型,7月短时强降水发生最频繁,其他月份有所不同;候变化具有显著的多峰值—间断性发展的特点,主要集中出现在6月第1候至8月第6候之间,淮北平原变化最大,皖南山区则较均匀;日变化总体呈单峰型特征,午后15—19时最集中;皖南山区和中东部丘陵最明显;淮北平原和大别山区虽然仍以午后居多,但具有多峰值的特点,其中淮北平原除午后外,06—07时短时强降水发生较多;大别山区除午后外,02—03时和10时也为短时强降水发生的峰值。安徽省不同地形条件下汛期短时极端强降水分布较零散,没有明显的高发区,时间变化与短时强降水类似,具有一定的统计规律:皖南山区7月短时极端强降水发生最多,尤其是7月第5候;淮北平原8月短时极端强降水发生最多,尤其是8月第6候;中东部丘陵7月短时极端强降水发生最多,候变化相对均匀。皖南山区和中东部丘陵短时极端强降水集中出现在午后16—19时,其中大别山区02时还有一个峰值,淮北平原短时极端强降水日变化无显著峰值。Based on the hourly precipitation data collected from automatic weather stations over Anhui province and hourly TBB(Black Body Temperature)data from FY2E meteorological satellite,the spatial temporal distribution characteristics of short time strong precipitation(STSP)in the flood season under different terrains over Anhui province and their relationships with the mesoscale convective activities were analyzed and spatial temporal characteristics of the extreme STSP were discussed preliminarily.Results showed that the STSP occurs mainly in the mountain area of southern Anhui,followed by Dabie Mountains and the hilly area in the mid eastern part of Anhui province,while least in Huaibei plain under different terrains during20112015.The monthly variation of the STSP frequencies presents a single peak pattern,i.e.the highest frequency is in July,which is different from the circumstances in the others months.Meanwhile,the pentad variation of the STSP frequency indicates a characteristic of multi peaks and intermittency,that is,the STSP intensively occurs during the first pentad in June to the sixth pentad in August.Specifically,the pentad variation is largest in Huaibei plain and smallest in the mountain area of southern Anhui.In addition,the diurnal variations of the STSP frequency have a characteristic of single peak and its peak value intensively appears in15:0019:00.Besides,the change characteristics of STSP frequency in the mountain area of southern Anhui and the hills in mid eastern Anhui are similar to that averaged in Anhui province,i.e.the STSP mainly occurs in the afternoon.Although the STSPs in Huaibei plain and Dabie Mountains frequently appear in the afternoon,they also occur between06:0007:00and02:0003:00as well as10:00,that is,a multi peak pattern of STSP frequency is indicated in above mentioned areas.The extreme STSP is dispersedly distributed in Anhui province and does not intensively occur in any area,and its time varying trait with statistical regularity is similar to that of the STSP.More specifica

关 键 词：地形 短时强降水 中尺度对流 黑体温度 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]