干湿交替灌溉下氮素形态对水稻花期光合及产量形成的影响  

Effects of N Forms on Photosynthesis at Flowering and Yield Formation in Wetting-drying Alternation Irrigation

作　　者：何海兵[1] 杨茹[1] 吴汉 尤翠翠[1] 朱德泉[2] 时强强 武立权[1] HE Haibing;YANG Ru;WU Han;YOU Cuicui;ZHU Dequan;SHI Qiangqiang;WU Liquan(College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China;School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2017年第11期2230-2237,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301305;2016YFD0300505;2016YFD0300608);安徽省教育厅自然科学基金(KJ2016A842)

摘　　要：干湿交替灌溉(节水栽培)水稻较传统淹灌栽培表现出较高的生产潜力,其高产形成除因土壤水分改变有关外,可能还与根区水分变化引起的土壤氮素形态改变有关。该研究于2016年通过设置传统淹灌(W_1)和干湿交替灌溉(W_2)水分处理,以及氮素形态配比[硝态氮∶氨态氮=100∶0(N_1)、50∶50(N_2)和0∶100(N_3)]处理,并通过温室盆栽试验探讨水分与氮素形态互作对水稻花期光合生理及产量形成的影响。结果表明:(1)W_2水分处理产量及其构成因子、光合生产能力、收获指数、氮素收获指数以及氮素籽粒生产效率均显著高于W_1处理,其N素累积量略低于W_1处理。(2)在不同氮素形态之间,N_2处理的产量水平显著高于N_3和N_1处理,这主要是N_2处理加强了水稻物质转运以及光合生产能力,其中叶片含氮量和N素浓度提高可能是N_2处理呈现出高光合性能的重要原因。(3)氮素利用效率以N_1处理最高,随后依次分别为N_2和N_3处理。研究发现,土壤水分与氮素形态对促进水稻产量、产量构成因子、收获指数等形成均存在显著的互作效应,且W_2N_2处理的效应较其他处理更明显。Wetting-drying alternation irrigation,which has a higher grain yield than traditional flooded rice because the water regime is more favorable to yield formation,is considered as an important water-saving cultivation technology in rice plants.In addition,the two different irrigation regimes have significant effects on ratios of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the root zone,and then could alter the growth and development of rice plants.Therefore,soil water and nitrogen forms could be critical regulatory factors affecting yield formation of rice plants in wetting-drying alternation irrigation.To investigate the interaction effect,we conducted pot experiments in2016with cultivar Ningjeng8in different water regimes and N forms.In this study,water regimes included traditional flooding irrigation(W1)and wetting-drying alternation irrigation(W2),and N forms treatments set three categories:ammonia and nitrate nitrogen ratio=0∶100(N1),ammonia and nitrate nitrogen ratio=50∶50(N2),ammonia and nitrate nitrogen ratio=100∶0(N3).The results showed that:(1)the grain yield,yield components,photosynthetic production,harvest index,N harvest index,and nitrogen grain production efficiency in the W2treatment are significantly higher than that in the W1treatment(P<0.05).But slightly lower N content in the W2treatment was observed when compared with the W1treatment.From the perspective of N forms,grain yield in the N2treatment was the greatest,and yield in the N1treatment was the minimum among N treatments,which were mainly from a higher matter translocation from sheath to kernel and photosynthetic produce ability during grain filling stage in the N2treatment than that in the N3and N1treatments.The greater N content and N concentration could be an important physiological basis for high photosynthetic ability in the N2treatment than the others.The N1treatment had the highest N use efficiency,and then followed by the N2and N3treatments.Moreover,there were significant interaction effects between water regimes and N forms for

关 键 词：水稻 氮素形态 水分管理 光合生理 氮素积累与分配 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]