2012-2016年住院新生儿死亡率及死因分析  

Neonatal mortality and death causes in hospital patients from 2012 to 2016

作　　者：成大欣[1,2] 张勤[1] 芦红茹[1] 刘合芳[1] 赵四海[2] CHENG Da-xin;ZHANG Qin;LU Hong-ru;LIU He-fang;ZHAO Si-hai(Division of Neonatology,Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital,Xi'an 710068;Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease,Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center,Xi'an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省人民医院新生儿科,陕西西安710068 [2]西安交通大学心血管研究中心动脉硬化与脂代谢实验室,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2018年第1期106-110,共5页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目;陕西省自然科学基金;陕西省卫生厅科研基金资助项目(No.81370379;2016JM8061和2014D38)~~

摘　　要：目的分析住院死亡新生儿的临床特点、死因构成及变化规律,为提高围产重症医学救治水平,降低新生儿死亡率提供理论依据。方法收集2012年1月至2016年12月住院新生儿的临床资料,探讨不同胎龄、出生体质量、性别、出生家庭、高危妊娠与新生儿死亡率的关系,总结死亡率、死因及变化规律。结果 (1)8 869例住院新生儿中死亡108例,死亡率1.22%,可避免死亡率0.86%;可避免死亡比71.29%。(2)感染性疾病仍然是住院新生儿死亡的首位原因。2012-2016年,我院住院新生儿前5位死因依次是:感染性疾病、呼吸系统疾病、窒息、先天畸形、遗传代谢性疾病。足月儿前3位死因分别为感染性疾病、遗传代谢性疾病、窒息。早产儿前3位死因分别为感染性疾病、呼吸系统疾病、窒息。(3)我院新生儿死亡率由2012年2.02%下降至2016年1.09%。败血症由2012-2015年间首位死因,下降至2016年第3位;呼吸系统疾病为2016年首位死因,窒息为第2位;先天畸形由前3位死因下降至5位以后。结论随着新生儿救治水平逐步提高,住院新生儿死亡率呈下降趋势。控制感染性疾病是降低住院新生儿可避免死亡率的首要措施。Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,causes of death and their changes of hospitalized neonates so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of intensive medical care and reduce neonatal mortality.Methods The clinical data of108neonates who died between January2012and December2016were collected.We compared the mortality rate of neonates with different gestational age,birth weight,sex,family background and abnormal high risk pregnancy.The causes of death and death rate were analyzed.Results Among the8869hospitalized neonates,108died and the mortality rate of the neonates was1.22%.The avoidable mortality rate of the neonates was0.86%and the avoidable mortality ratio was71.29%.Infectious diseases remained to be the leading cause of neonatal death in hospitals.The top five most common causes of death in our hospitalized neonates were infectious diseases,respiratory diseases,asphyxia,congenital malformations,and genetic metabolic diseases.The three most common causes of death in full term infants were infectious diseases,genetic metabolic diseases,and asphyxia.The three most common causes of death in preterm infants were infectious diseases,respiratory diseases,and asphyxia.The neonatal mortality rate in our hospital decreased from2.02%in2012to1.09%in2016.Sepsis was the leading cause of death between2012and2015and dropped to the third place in2016.Respiratory diseases were the leading cause of death in2016.Asphyxia was the second cause of death in2016.Congenital malformations dropped from the third cause of death to the fifth.Conclusion In recent years,the treatment of neonates has improved and mortality rate of hospitalized neonates is gradually decreased.Controlling infectious diseases should be the primary measure to reduce the avoidable mortality in hospitalized neonates.

关 键 词：住院新生儿死亡率 死亡原因 

分 类 号：R722.1[医药卫生—儿科]