不同耕作和播种模式下稻茬麦种子区微气候特征及出苗效应  

Micro-climate characteristics and seedling qualities in seed-zone of post-paddy wheat field under different tillage and seeding modes

作　　者：李伟 丁启朔 何瑞银 李海康 芮超杰 LI Wei;DING Qishuo;HE Ruiyin;LI Haikang;RUI Chaojie(College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2018年第1期45-50,共6页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300900);江苏省农机基金(201-051028)

摘　　要：【目的】评价不同耕作、播种模式的区域适应性,为稻麦轮作区耕作、播种技术的优化及相关精密播种机具的设计提供理论依据,确保稻茬麦的优质高产。【方法】利用种子区微气候测试仪监测免耕露播覆草(NT1),免耕条播(NT2)和常规旋耕盖籽(CK)3种模式的稻茬麦种子区微气候条件及其对种子萌发及立苗的影响。【结果】田间试验表明,3种模式的种子区微气候差异显著。NT1条件下种子区微气候相对稳定,CK条件下由于旋耕形成大土块,大土块垒结后形成的大尺度孔隙空间使种子区微气候变化较大,不利于保墒。NT2条件下的种子区微气候比NT1和CK相对稳定且温湿度条件更适合种子的萌发。NT1、NT2和CK条件下出苗率分别为58.39%、71.81%和61.80%。【结论】不同耕作和播种模式的种子区微气候条件及种子萌发立苗效果差异显著,使用种子区微气候测试仪能够快速准确评价稻茬麦耕作、播种模式的区域适应性。良好的耕种措施、种床环境以及种土接触是保证小麦出苗生长的关键。【Objective】To evaluate the regional applicability of different tillage and seeding modes,provide a theoritical basis for cultivating in rice-wheat rotation area,optimizing sowing technique and designing related precision seeders,and guarantee high quality and yield of post-paddy wheat.【Method】A seed-zone microclimate tester was applied to continuously monitor the micro-climate conditions,seed germination and seedling establishment under three seeding modes,including no-till mulching(NT1),no-till drill(NT2)and rotary-tilling broadcasting(CK).【Result】The field experiment showed that the seed-zone micro-climates under three seeding modes varied significantly.Seed-zone micro-climate under NT1mode remained relatively stable.Large soil clods formed under CK mode,and led to a large change of micro-climate in seed-zone and made it difficult to conserve soil moisture.NT2created the most stable seed-zone micro-climate,providing the most suitable temperature and humidity for seed germination.The germination rates under NT1,NT2and CK modes were58.39%,71.81%and61.80%respectively.【Conclusion】Different tillage and seeding modes significantly influence seed-zone micro-climate,seed germination and seedling establishment.The proposed seed-zone micro-climate tester is suitable for quickly and accurately evaluating the regional applicability of tillage and seeding modes for past-paddy wheat.Excellent tillage procedures,good seedbed environment and large contact area between seed and soil are the key factors of wheat growth.

关 键 词：稻茬麦 播种模式 种子区 微气候 种子萌发 立苗 

分 类 号：S352.5[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]