肥料类型及浓度对水肥一体化浑水滴灌滴头输沙能力的影响  

Effect of fertilizer type and concentration on sediment transport capacity of dripper in drip fertigation with muddy water

作　　者：官雅辉 牛文全[1,4] 刘璐[4] 李学凯 张文倩 Guan Yahui;Niu Wenquan;Liu Lu;Li Xuekai;Zhang Wenqian(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science & Ministry of Water Resources of the People′s Republic of China,Yangling 712100, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;Instiute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]中科院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国旱区节水农业研究院,杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [5]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第1期78-84,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51679205);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0400202)

摘　　要：为研究浑水水肥一体化灌溉过程中,不同肥料对滴头输沙能力的影响,合理配置滴灌系统首部的过滤设备和设施,降低过滤设施的成本,提高滴灌系统工作效率,选取了常用的3种肥料(尿素、硫酸钾和水溶性复合肥)及其3种肥料质量分数(1%、2%和3%),在含沙量为1 g/L的浑水条件下进行间歇灌水堵塞试验,分析了滴头累积泥沙输出量、出流含沙量和泥沙输出率。结果表明:浑水施肥可以增强滴头的输沙能力,肥料类型和浓度不同,对滴头输沙能力的影响也不同。滴头输沙能力随着尿素浓度的增大而增大,当尿素质量分数为3%时,滴头输沙能力比未施肥处理增加了11%(P<0.05)。滴头输沙能力随硫酸钾和复合肥浓度的增大而减小,当硫酸钾质量分数为1%时,滴头输沙能力大于未施肥处理,增大了25%;当复合肥质量分数>2%时,滴头输沙能力小于未施肥处理。标准化的累积泥沙输出量与标准化的累积灌水量的拟合直线斜率也可作为滴头输沙能力的判断依据,肥料质量浓度是影响滴头输沙能力的重要因素,应根据不同的肥料类型,确定适宜的施肥浓度。研究结果对确定滴头防堵塞策略提供一定的参考。Emitter clogging has been an important factor restricting the application of drip irrigation system.In order to improve the anti-clogging ability of the dripper,the front part of the drip irrigation system needs to be equipped with multi-stage filtration equipment or facilities.This study investigated the effect of different fertilizers on the sediment transport capacity during the integrated irrigation of muddy water with fertilizer in order to make rational allocation of filtration equipment and facilities of the first drip irrigation system,to reduce the cost of filtration facilities and to improve the efficiency of drip irrigation system.A total of3kinds of fertilizers(urea,potassium sulfate and water-soluble compound fertilizer)as well as3different concentrations(1%,2%and3%)were chosen to carry out intermittent irrigation clogging test in muddy water with the sediment concentration of1g/L.The accumulated sediment,discharge sediment of drippers and rate of discharge sediment for drippers were analyzed.Tap water was applied as the test water.Experimental sediment was taken from river flood beach silts along Weihe River in Shaanxi Yangling.The working pressure of this test was set to70kPa based on the preliminary experiment results.In order to increase irrigation times of this experiment,the test stopped when the average relative flow rate was below70%.The test also stopped after20times of irrigation even though the relative flow rate was still above70%.The results showed that the application of muddy water could enhance the sediment transport capacity of dripper.Different types and concentrations of fertilizer had different effects on the sediment transport capacity of dripper.Sediment transport capacity of dripper increased with rising urea concentrations.Compared with no fertilization treatment,when the urea concentration was3%,the capacity value increased by11%(P<0.05).Sediment transport capacity of dripper decreased with the rising concentrations of potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer.As the concentr

关 键 词：肥料 泥沙 灌溉 浑水 水肥一体化 滴头 输沙能力 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]