生物炭与氮肥配施对枣园土壤培肥效应的综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation on soil fertility quality of jujube orchard under combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer

作　　者：袁晶晶[1,2] 同延安 卢绍辉[3] 袁国军 Yuan Jingjing;Tong Yan-an;Lu Shaohui;Yuan Guojun(College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China;Academy of Forestry Sciences of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]河南省林业科学研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第1期134-140,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中低产田改良科技工程(2012BAD05B00);林业公益性行业科研专项(201104017)资助

摘　　要：为了明确生物炭与氮肥不同配比条件下的应用效果,探寻最佳配比施肥量,为枣园土壤资源高效利用、培肥改良技术提供可靠的科学依据。通过3 a(2013~2015)田间定位试验,选择14项反映土壤质量的理化及生物学指标作为评价指标,采用因子分析对各配施处理下的土壤质量进行综合评价,并对其进行聚类分析,最后利用红枣产量结果进行验证。结果表明:通过因子分析法将原14个土壤性质指标降维,提取出3个公因子,反映了原信息量的82.49%。第1公因子以全氮、全钾、速效钾、微生物量碳贡献最大,可作为保肥供肥因子。第2公因子上以脲酶、微生物量氮、蔗糖酶贡献最大,可作为微生物活性因子。碱性磷酸酶为第3公因子上的主要影响因子。土壤养分、微生物量、酶活性及微生物数量之间存在多种显著或极显著正相关关系。枣园土壤质量综合得分以C3N1处理最高,其次为C2N3和C2N2处理,这一结果与产量的变化趋势比较吻合。聚类分析将不同处理分为5类,分析结果与各处理因子综合得分评价较为一致。在本研究试验条件下,10 t/hm^2的生物炭,配施300 kg/hm^2的氮肥为最佳培肥模式。研究结果对生物炭和氮肥配施在农田果园的合理施肥和科学管理提供科学依据。In this study,the study area is the main jujube producing region in China.Intensive management including excessive fertilizers input and spraying pesticides were widely performed in order to obtain higher yield and income benefits,which have shown to accelerate the deterioration of soil quality and affect the edible quality and safety of jujube to consumers.Therefore,the object of this study was to identify the optimum amendment rate under the combined application of peanut shell biochar and nitrogen(N)fertilizer at different levels in jujube plantation,which could not only provide a scientific evidence for high-efficient fertilization and enhancing soil fertility,but also decrease chemical fertilizer input to reduce environmental risks and maintain the sustainable development of jujube industry.A three-year consecutive field experiment was conducted from2013to2015in jujube orchards of the North China Plain.A widely planted jujube cultivar in Henan Province was chosen and fifteen-year-old trees were used as testing materials in this study.There were a total of13treatments,including CK(no fertilizer),4levels of biochars(0,2.5,5and10t/hm2,namely,C0,C1,C2and C3)and3levels of N fertilizers(300,450and600kg/hm2,namely,N1,N2and N3).A total of14important quantitative indices(organic matter,total and available soil nutrient,soil microbial biomass,enzyme activities)related to soil chemical,physical and biological properties were selected,and the factor analysis and the minimum Euclidean distance method were employed to evaluate the overall soil fertility under biochar and N fertilizer amendments.Jujube yield was used to verify the evaluation results.The results indicated that3common factors extracted from the initial14indices could reflect82.49%of the original information quantity without losing any original variable.The first common factor was related to soil total N,total K,available K and microbial biomass N,which were the major contributors to nutrient maintenance and supply capacity of soil.The second common factor wa

关 键 词：土壤 氮 生物质 红枣果园 因子分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]