装载机定变量液压系统工作原理与节能分析  

Working Principle and Energy Saving Analysis for Fixed/Variable Displacement Hydraulic System of Loader

作　　者：张建[1] 冀宏[1] 蔡铮 蒋俊 陈乾鹏 黄路路[1] ZHANG Jian;JI Hong;CAI Zheng;JIANG Jun;CHEN Qianpeng;HUANG Lulu(College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou, Gansu730050;Zhejiang Gaoyu Hydraulic Machinery Co., Ltd., Linhai, Zhejiang317000)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]浙江高宇液压机电有限公司,浙江临海317000

出　　处：《液压与气动》2018年第1期9-16,共8页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51575254)

摘　　要：构建了新型装载机定变量液压系统,分析了装载机定变量液压系统的工作原理及能耗问题。利用SolidWorks软件建立装载机工作机构的三维模型,将其参数导入AMESim仿真软件中建立装载机的动力学模型;同时在该仿真软件建立装载机定变量液压系统的仿真模型,针对装载机3种不同工况中的工作特性及能耗问题进行仿真计算分析。结果表明:转向系统由负载敏感泵供油,泵输出流量大小取决于负载需求,避免了旁路节流等损失;同时通过合理设计节流阀阀口面积,使定量泵与变量泵顺次开始向工作系统供油,小流量时只由定量泵向工作系统供油,当负载需求流量增大,定量泵与变量泵双泵合流,共同向工作系统供油,既保证了装载机的工作效率,又具有节能效果;当转向系统与工作系统同时动作时,变量泵优先向转向系统供油,具有转向优先功能,保证了装载机的安全性。相对于全定量系统,定变量液压系统的效率更高,尤其在小流量工况下,具有明显节能效果。In this paper,we construct a new fixed/variable displacement hydraulic system of loader,and analyze the working principle and the energy consumption problem of the system.Using the software SolidWorks,we establish a three dimensional model of loaders working mechanism,and also establish a dynamic simulation model of hydraulic system with AMESim.Using this simulation model,we analyze the working characteristics and energy consumption problems of system in three different working processes.The calculation results show that:The flow of the steering system is provided by a variable pump,which avoids the bypass throttling loss;by a reasonable design of the throttle valve port area,we make the quantitative pump and the variable pump provide oil to the work system successively;small flow is only supplied by a quantitative pump to the work system,and when the load demand flow increases,the quantitative pump and the variable pump supply oil to the work system together;the result ensures the loader's working efficiency and has an energy saving effect;when the steering system and working system work together,the variable pump preferentially supplies oil to the steering system,and has the priority function of steering;compared with the quantitative system,the fixed/variable displacement hydraulic system is more efficient,especially under the small flow condition,which has an obvious energy saving effect.

关 键 词：装载机 定变量系统 工作原理 节能 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]