铁路货车闸瓦上下偏磨机理研究  

Mechanism Study of Eccentric Wear of Brake Shoe Upper and Lower End in Railway Wagon

作　　者：孙可心 卢碧红[1] 朱建宁[1] 曲宝章 SUN Kexin;LU Bihong;ZHU Jianning;QU Baozhang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《大连交通大学学报》2018年第1期56-60,共5页Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University

摘　　要：为提高铁路货车制动安全性、减轻闸瓦检修负担,以闸瓦上下端压力比来评价闸瓦磨耗速率,提出延长闸瓦使用寿命的措施.首先,根据铁路货车基础制动装置抽象出闸瓦制动瞬时受力的理论模型.然后,运用解析法求得瞬时闸瓦上下压力比与闸瓦上下端磨耗量的关系.最后,在多体动力学软件Recur Dyn环境中构建转向架基础制动装置的刚柔耦合动力学模型,通过仿真实验,验证解析法结论.闸瓦受力理论分析表明,磨耗初期闸瓦上下端磨耗量不等、磨耗速率不等是导致闸瓦偏磨的根本原因.当闸瓦一端磨耗量达到24~25 mm时,闸瓦上下压力相等.仿真结果也说明,当下端磨耗量不变时,闸瓦上下端压力比随上端磨耗量的增大而增大.综合理论与仿真结果,建议当车辆检修后发现各位闸瓦一端磨耗量达到16 mm时,将闸瓦上下对调,以达到延长闸瓦使用寿命的目的.研究成果为铁路货车闸瓦上下偏磨的相关研究提供理论依据及技术支持.For improving braking safety of railway wagon and reducing the maintenance burden of brake shoes,the pressure ratio of the upper and lower ends of the brake shoe is employed to evalute the wear rate,and the measures for prolonging service life of brake shoe are proposed.Firstly,the theoretical model of the ins tan taneous braking force of brake shoe is abstracted according to the foundation brake rigging.Then,the relationship between instantaneous upper and lower pressure ratio and abrasion loss of the brake shoe is obtained by the analytic method.Finally,the rigid flexible coupling dynamic model for foundation brake rigging is constructed in RecurDyn.The conclusion of the analytic method is verified by simulation experiment.The theoretical analysis shows that the difference between the upper and lower abrasion loss and the wear rate is the fundamental cause of eccenric wear of the brake shoe.When the abrasion loss of one end reaches24~25mm,the upper and lower pressures of the brake shoe are equal.The simulation results show that the upper and lower ends pressure ratio is increased with upper end abrasion loss when the lower abrasion loss is constant.For prolonging the service life of the brake shoe,it is suggested to swap the upper and lower ends when the abrasion loss of one end reaches16mm.

关 键 词：制动闸瓦 偏磨理论 仿真实验 货车制动 

分 类 号：U270.35[机械工程—车辆工程]