新开垦土壤上构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮模式  

Construction of efficient nitrogen-fixing cropping pattern:Maize/faba bean intercrop with rhizobium inoculation in reclaimed low-fertility soils

作　　者：梅沛沛[1,2] 王平 李隆[1] 张轩[1] 桂林国[4] 黄建成[4] MEI Peipei;WANG Ping;LI Long;ZHANG Xuan;GUI Linguo;HUANG Jiancheng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions,Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China;College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang 453003, China;Institute of Crop Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750105, China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/植物与土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室,北京100193 [2]河南科技学院生命科技学院/现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,新乡453003 [3]宁夏农林科学院作物研究所,银川750105 [4]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2018年第1期62-74,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300202);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B02)资助~~

摘　　要：为了在新开垦土壤上构建高效种植模式,本文采用温室盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法,选用4种根瘤菌接种方式(保水剂拌种、清水拌种、三叶期灌根和种子丸衣化)接种4种不同蚕豆根瘤菌(NM353、CCBAU、G254和QH258),分析接菌后新开垦土壤上玉米/蚕豆间作体系的生产潜力、地上部氮素吸收和结瘤特性以及生物固氮等方面的优势,拟为该体系筛选出高效的根瘤菌及其接种技术。结果表明:接种NM353后,玉米/蚕豆间作体系中蚕豆籽粒产量比单作平均增加152.84%,而玉米保持相对稳产;以保水剂拌种的方式接种NM353的间作蚕豆地上部氮素积累量最高,蚕豆结瘤数、瘤重、固氮比例和固氮量均高于本试验中其他3种方式接种的根瘤菌。在盛花期和盛花鼓粒期,接种NM353蚕豆的固氮比例比接种CCBAU的分别高19.1%和11.1%,在各个生育时期两者固氮量之间差异均达显著水平;接种NM353与接种其他菌种间固氮量和固氮比例差异更显著。因此,在新开垦土壤上,用保水剂拌种的方式对间作蚕豆接种NM353根瘤菌,构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮体系,为新开垦土壤合理开发利用的可持续发展模式。Lighe sierozem in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation area is characterized as newly reclaimed soil due to lower fertility and land consolidation.To rational use land resources with environmental friendly way of the soil,leguminous/non-leguminous crops intercropping plus nitrogen-fixing rhizobium is an important measure.In order to construct an efficient nitrogen-fixing cropping pattern in reclaimed lands,the efficiency of Rhizobium species and the inoculation methods were investigated aiming to the construction of a maize/faba bean-rhizobium intercropping systems through the greenhouse and field experiments with newly-reclaimed low-fertility soils.Four Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae(NM353,CCBAU,G254and QH258)and four inoculation methods(seed inoculation with water absorbent,seed inoculation with water,dip root at3-leaf stage and seed pelleting&inoculation)were used and the relative advantages determined with respect to crop productivity,aboveground nitrogen acquisition,nodule characteristics,biological nitrogen fixation,etc.The greenhouse experiment results showed that the order of total biomass of intercropped maize and faba bean for different rhizobium was CCBAU>NM353>G254>QH258>intercropping without rhizobium>sole crop without rhizobium,and for inoculation method was seed inoculation with water absorbent>seed pelleting&inoculation>seed inoculation with water>dip root at3-leaf stage.The field experiment showed that inoculation with NM353with seed inoculation via water absorbent method produced significant increase in yield of intercropped faba bean and maize by79.7%and42.8%.The intercropping system with G254and NM353rhizobium showed obvious yield advantage,the land equivalent ratio was>1.5.Also nitrogen content of faba bean and maize was highest among different treatments.In addition,the number of nodules,nodule biomass and nitrogen derived from air(Ndfa)and percent Ndfa(%Ndfa)were all greater in the newly-established system compared to non-inoculated faba beans.Particularly,%Ndfa of faba bean inoculate

关 键 词：蚕豆/玉米间作 间作优势 根瘤菌 生产力 氮素吸收 生物固氮 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S144.3[农业科学—农艺学]