双季稻产量和肥料效益对减量施肥下紫云英与稻草协同利用的响应  

Yield and Fertilizer Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice in Response to Synergistic Use of Chinese milk vetch and Rice Straw under Reduced Fertilizer Application

作　　者：廖育林[1,2] 周兴 鲁艳红[1,2] 方宝华 刘洋[3] 聂军 LIAO Yu-lin;ZHOU Xing;LU Yan-hong;FANG Bao-hua;LIU Yang;NIE Jun(Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Changsha 410125, PRC;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Hunan), Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, PRC;Hunan Rice Research Institute, Changsha 410125, PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南省水稻研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2017年第12期52-56,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2014GB2D200212);湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2017JC47;2017PT01);湖南省重点研发计划(2017NK2372)

摘　　要：利用田间小区定位试验,研究了减施20%化肥下紫云英与稻草协同利用对洞庭湖地区紫潮泥双季稻的产量、产量构成因素、经济效益以及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明:连续6年紫云英与稻草协同利用均可提高水稻产量,晚稻留高茬冬种紫云英(80%F+HRMv)处理的增产效果最佳,6年平均产量较单施全量化肥(100%F)增产11.2%;株高、每穗实粒数、有效穗数、千粒重的增加是水稻增产的主要原因;经济效益上,紫云英与稻草协同利用虽增加了农业支出,但提高了经济产值,收益高于100%F,其中80%F+HRMv纯收益最高,增收17.2%;紫云英与稻草协同利用还可有效提高肥料利用效率,其中80%F+HRMv效果最优,早、晚稻表观利用率分别提高106.1%、24.9%,农学利用率分别提高89.4%、38.3%。综合产量和肥料效率来看,晚稻留高茬还田冬种紫云英,不仅可以提高水稻产量,增加水稻经济收益,还可以减少化肥用量,提高肥料利用效率。Plots field experiments were designed to study the effects of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw synergistic dispatching on yield,agricultural characteristics,economic benefit and fertilizer benefit of double cropping rice under reducing20%fertilizer application in purple soil of Dongting Lake region.Results showed that,the synergistic effects of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw had advantage over the treatment of100%F on rice yield increase during the6years.Compared to100%F,synergistic treatment of80%F+HRMv,one of Chinese milk vetch+rice straw treatments,was more suitable for increasing the6-year average yield of rice under reducing20%chemical fertilizer application,increased by11.2%.The increase of plant height,filled grain number per panicle,efficient panicle,1000-grain weight were the main contributions to high rice yield.Economically,relatively higher net incomes were obtained from the synergistic effects of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in despite of higher inputs.Synergistic treatment of80%F+HRMv had the highest net income,with an increase of17.2%.And the synergistic treatments can also improve the fertilizer use efficiency,in which the best effect was80%F+HRMv,compared with100%F,the fertilizer apparent recovery efficiency increased by106.1%in early rice and24.9%in late rice,fertilizer agronomic use efficiency increased by84.9%in early rice and38.3%in late rice,respectively.Considering the yield and fertilizer use efficiency,returning high pile of straw and winter planting Chinese milk vetch not only increased rice yield and economic benefits,but also reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer,improved the efficiency of fertilizer use.

关 键 词：减量施肥 紫云英 稻草 水稻产量 经济效益 肥料利用效率 

分 类 号：S142.1[农业科学—肥料学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]