循环水养殖系统管理运行存在主要问题调查分析  

Analysis on the Major Problems in the Management and Operation of Recirculating Aquaculture System

作　　者：唐茹霞 史策 刘鹰[2] TANG Ru-xia;SHI Ce;LIU ying(School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;School of Marine Environment and Technology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]大连海洋大学海洋环境与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2018年第1期100-106,共7页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：宁波大学王宽诚幸福基金;国家自然科学基金(31602208)

摘　　要：【目的】了解循环水养殖系统在全国水产养殖企业中的实际使用情况及存在的问题。【方法】通过问卷调查形式,研究我国各省份水产养殖企业使用循环水系统的情况,包括养殖企业的经济效益与现状,循环水系统各单元在工厂化养殖中存在的主要问题以及未来公司发展计划。【结果】我国循环水养殖企业总体规模较小,养殖水体小于5 000 m3、系统造价小于200万元、年营业额小于500万元的公司分别占63.6%、54.5%、54.5%。养殖品种上,选择养殖鲽鲆类的企业最多(33.3%),对虾其次(30.3%)。多数循环水系统由科研机构协助构建,80%以上的系统单元为国产。反硝化系统、生物滤器、微滤机被认为是最难操控的单元(分别占58.3%、41.2%、27.6%)。企业选择使用循环水系统的主要原因是经济效益(63.6%),其次是水处理需求(54.5%)和符合环保政策的要求(48.5%)。93.3%的公司有扩大生产规模和旧系统升级改造的计划。【结论】降低运行能耗、提高运行稳定性,最终提高经济效益是未来循环水养殖系统发展需要努力的方向。Abstract:【Objective】This study aims to understand the utilization condition of recirculating aquaculture(RAS)system in commercial in China.【Method】This paper investigated RAS in enterprises in various provinces in China by questionnaire,including the economic benefits and development of the companies.The main problems in management of RAS and the following plans of the company were also studied.【Result】The results showed that most recirculating aquaculture users in China are small companies and most of which operate in farming water capacity of less than5000m3.The system are low cost below2million Yuans and the annual turnover is less than5million Yuan.It accounts for63.6%,54.5%and54.5%respectively in the questionnaire.About75.8%of these companies can have their investment cost pay back within5years.As for the system design,most RAS are constructed with the help of research institutions and more than80%of the RAS system are homemade.De-nitrification systems,biofilters,microfilters are considered to be the most difficult units to operate(58.3%,41.2%,27.6%,respectively).The main reason for choosing RAS is economic efficiency(63.6%),followed by water treatment demand(54.5%)and environmental protection policy requirements(48.5%).About93.3%of the companies have planed to expand production scale and to upgrade the old system.【Conclusion】The future target of RAS should include reduction in utility consumption,improvementof operational stability,and eventually improvement of economic efficiency.

关 键 词：循环水系统 工厂化养殖 管理 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖]