昆曲集曲正曲化考论  

A Textual Research on the Assorted Tunes and Tune Formalization of Kunqu Opera

作　　者：洪楠 HONG Nan(School of Humanity,Soochow University,Suzhou215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学文学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2018年第1期46-51,共6页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

基　　金：江苏省哲学社会科学基金重大项目(13JD008)

摘　　要：脱胎于原调的集曲在逐渐定型中发展成为一种新的原调,即集曲正曲化现象。共分五种情况:有些集曲出现时间较早,后世曲家已不知为集曲;因曲牌名称或板式不合,判断集曲不合格律,应归正曲;曲家对集曲所集何调争论不休,直作正曲看;因沿用已久,且美韵动听的集曲已经原曲化;引子类集曲皆归正曲。从集曲正曲化可以看出集曲已为曲家有意识、有目的地使用,其地位得到曲家承认。而作为以乐就词的方式,集曲最直接的作用就是调和词乐矛盾,使作品达至文乐双美的艺术效果。In the process of patternization,the assorted tunes stemming from the the original tunes have developed into a new type of original tunes,which is the phenomenon of tune formalization based on assorted tunes.The phenomenon can be classified into five types.Firstly,some assorted tunes appeared during the earlier times,and the later opera composers did not know their existence.Secondly,because of irregular tune names or meter patterns,the assorted tunes were considered not conforming to music rules,so they were formalized.Thirdly,opera composers had controversy over the classification of particular assorted tunes,and regarded them as formalized tunes;moreover,due to the long-time opera practice,the beautiful assorted tunes were rendered as the original ones.Finally,all the assorted tunes used as overture were classified as formalized tunes.Based on the formalization of assorted tunes,we can find that assorted tunes were used by opera composers consciously and purposely,and the tune status was recognized.In terms of the manner of matching music to lyrics with assorted tunes,the most direct effect is to reconcile the contradiction between lyrics and music,so as to achieve the artistic effect with both elegant lyrics and beautiful music in the operatic works.

关 键 词：集曲 正曲化 词乐关系 昆曲 吴梅 《九宫正始》 《南词定律》 《九宫大成》 《南北词简谱》 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]