智利华侨华人历史与现状探析  

Analysis on the Historical and Present Status of Overseas Chinese in Chile

作　　者：莫光木 MO Guang-mu(School of International Studies/Academy of Overseas Chinese, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2018年第1期41-51,共11页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

基　　金：中华全国归国华侨联合会青年课题<智利华侨华人生存发展现状及其利益保护研究>(项目编号:15CZQK102);国家社科基金重大项目<海外华人社区中华文化传承研究>(项目编号16ZDA220)之研究成果

摘　　要：论文梳理了智利华侨华人自19世纪以来的移民历史轨迹,探析了智利华侨华人的社会特征、职业特征以及智利华侨华人社会发展面临的挑战。认为到20世纪初,智利华侨华人的职业已逐渐从华工群体向多元职业发展,尤以经商为最。现今智利侨社"新移民"社会特点鲜明,人数约3万人左右,且呈现来源地分散而集中及主要聚居于圣地亚哥的特点。智利华侨华人经济以中餐业及批发零售业为支柱,矿产、房地产等行业亦有一定发展。近年,智利经济环境增长放缓、管理制度多变、社会治安不宁等社会经济问题给智利华侨华人的生存发展带来挑战。智利侨社的中华文化传承亦任重道远。Providing an overview of the immigration history of overseas Chinese in Chile since the19th century,this paper analyzes their social and professional characteristics as well as the challenges to the development of Chinese society in Chile.Moreover,the author believed that until the beginning of the20th century,the career of overseas Chinese in Chile had developed from Chinese labors to diverse types,in particular,most of these overseas Chinese were doing business.Nowadays,there are about30,000“new immigrants”in Chilean overseas Chinese community with distinct social features such as diversified and convergent origins,and they mainly inhabit in Santiago.Chinese food industry and wholesale/retail trade are primary in Chilean overseas Chinese economy.Besides,mineral,real estate and other industries have also developed in a certain way.Recently,social and economic problems,such as the slowing growth in Chile economic environment,changing of management policy,and unstable social security,bring challenges to the overseas Chinese to survive and develop in Chile.Nonetheless,there’s a long journey for Chilean overseas Chinese community to inherit and spread Chinese culture in future.

关 键 词：智利 华侨华人 华人社会 华人经济 华人文化 

分 类 号：D634.378.4[政治法律—政治学]