兜兰炭疽病病原鉴定及其室内防治药剂筛选  

Identification for anthracnose pathogen of Paphiopedilum and selection of its indoor chemical control chemicals

作　　者：徐波 宋凤鸣 冯淑杰[2] 张荣[2] 刘海涛 曾宋君[3] XU Bo;SONG Feng-ming;FENG Shu-jie;ZHANG Rong;LIU Hai-tao;ZENG Song-jun(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642 [3]中国科学院华南植物园广东省应用植物学重点实验室,广州510650

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第2期271-279,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503104);中国科学院战略生物资源服务网络计划植物种质资源创新项目(ZSZC-008);广东省科技计划项目(2017A020208036);广东省应用植物学重点实验室开放项目(AB2015004)

摘　　要：【目的】对兜兰炭疽病病原菌进行鉴定,并进行室内防治药剂筛选,为兜兰炭疽病的大田防控提供参考依据。【方法】采集具有典型症状的兜兰炭疽病标本,以组织分离法进行病原物分离培养,通过形态学观察和rDNA-ITS序列分析对兜兰炭疽病病原菌进行鉴定;通过室内温度、光照控制和培养基中不同pH、碳源、氮源的差异试验确定病原菌菌丝生长、产孢量和孢子萌发条件等生物学特性;选用12种杀菌剂进行兜兰炭疽病病原菌室内药效试验,并对筛选出效果理想的药剂进行室内毒力测定。【结果】通过形态学观察和rDNA-ITS序列分析,确定分离获得的兜兰炭疽病病原菌的无性态为半知菌类黑盘孢目刺盘孢属胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)。胶孢炭疽菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发温度为9~36℃,最适温度27℃;产孢温度12~36℃,最适温度30℃。胶孢炭疽菌菌丝在55℃下处理20 min死亡,孢子在50℃下处理30 min或55℃下处理20 min死亡。菌丝生长和产孢的pH为2~13,最适为pH 8;分生孢子萌发的pH为2~12,最适为pH 7。连续光照有利于胶孢炭疽菌菌丝生长、产孢及分生孢子萌发。培养基中不同碳源和氮源对菌丝生长、产孢及分生孢子萌发具有显著影响(P<0.05)。500 mg/L的恶霉灵、硫磺·甲硫灵、福·福锌和咪鲜胺锰盐4种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌菌丝抑制率和产孢抑制率均达100.00%,其中咪鲜胺锰盐的毒力最强、反应灵敏度最高,半最大效应浓度(EC_(50))为0.09 mg/L。【结论】引起兜兰炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(C.gloeosporioides)。咪鲜胺锰盐、硫磺·甲硫灵、恶霉灵和福·福锌4种杀菌剂可在室内有效防治兜兰炭疽病,其中以500 mg/L咪鲜胺锰盐的防治效果最佳。【Objective】Anthracnose pathogen of Paphiopedilum was identified and indoor control chemicals were selected to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of Paphiopedilum anthracnose.【Method】The samples of Paphiopedilum with typical anthracnose symptoms were collected.The pathogen was isolated and cultured through tissue isolation.Anthracnose pathogen of Paphiopedilum was identified by morphological observation and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis.The biological characteristics such as pathogen mycelial growth,spore production and spore germination were determined by experiment including indoor temperature,illumination and culture media with different pH values,carbon and nitrogen sources.Sensitivity to12fungicides of anthracnose pathogen of Paphiopedilum was tested and then fungicides with fine effects were selected to conduct indoor toxicity test.【Result】Through morphological observation and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis,the anamorph of isolated anthracnose pathogen of Paphiopedilum was Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,belonging to Colletotrichum,Melanconiales,fungi imperfecti.The temperature for mycelial growth and conidial germination was9℃to36℃,and the optimal temperature was27℃.Sporulation temperature was12-36℃,and the optimum temperature was30℃.Lethal temperature for C.gloeosporioides mycelia was55℃maintaining for20min,and lethal temperature of conidia was50℃maintaining for30min or55℃maintaining for20min.pH range for both mycelial growth and sporulation was2-13and the optimum pH for the both was8.pH range for conidial germination was2-12and the optimum one was7.Continuous illumination was good for mycelial growth,sporulation and conidial germination.The carbon and nitrogen sources in media had significant difference on mycelial growth,sporulation and conidial germination(P<0.05).Under the concentration500mg/L,hymexazol,sulfur·Jialiulin,Fufuxin and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex could effectively control mycelial growth and sporulation of anthracnose pathogen,the success ra

关 键 词：兜兰 炭疽病 病原鉴定 生物学特性 杀菌剂筛选 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]