不同光质对三角梅开花及其生理指标的影响  

Effects of different light qualities on flowering and physiological indicators of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.

作　　者：张晓敏 黄旭光 马跃峰[2] 王卫南 罗恩波 郭成林[2] 杨思霞 陆仟 陆炎松 苏友赛 曾永平 温小乔 ZHANG Xiao-min;HUANG Xu-guang;MA Yue-feng;WANG Wei-nan;LUO En-bo;GUO Cheng-lin;YANG Si-xia;LU Qian;LU Yan-song;SU You-sai;ZENG Yong-ping;WEN Xiao-qiao(Nanning Garden Research Institute,Nanning 530011,China;Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Nanning Greening Projects Management Office,Nanning 530011,China;Changjiang University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434100,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁市园林科研所,南宁530011 [2]广西农业科学院植物保护研究所,南宁53007 [3]南宁市绿化工程管理处,南宁530011 [4]长江大学,湖北荆州434100

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第2期328-332,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2015GXNSFAA139058);南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂南科20152055)

摘　　要：【目的】掌握三角梅的日光合变化规律及不同光质对其开花和其他生理指标的影响,为三角梅花期调控提供科学参考依据。【方法】以艳红三角梅为试验材料,在南宁夏日自然光照条件下,白天每隔1 h测定净光合速率(P_n)和蒸腾速率(T_r)等生理指标,制作日变化动态图;分别用紫、红、白光质和自然光照射三角梅,在补光照射后45和70 d测定开花数、新枝长度及叶片叶绿素含量,统计分析不同光质对三角梅开花等生理指标的影响。【结果】三角梅的P_n、T_r日变化均呈不对称的双峰曲线,有明显的午休现象。紫光处理45和70 d后三角梅的开花数分别为171和23朵,增长率分别为612.50%和2200.00%,同时其叶绿素a、b和a+b含量明显高于其他处理组;不同光质处理三角梅开花的效果排序为紫光>红光>白光>自然光。补光照射45和70 d后三角梅新枝生长均受到抑制,其中,紫光处理组新枝长度分别为12.34和10.55 cm,呈负增长(增长率分别为-32.34%和-6.88%),明显低于其他处理组,说明紫光抑制效果最明显。【结论】在南宁夏日自然光照条件下,艳红三角梅有明显的午休特性,紫光照射更有利于三角梅的生长及叶绿素的合成;在生产中采用紫光处理三角梅,可使其盛花期开花数量多,花期延长,新枝生长量少,观赏价值得到提升。【Objective】Daylight change rule and the influence of different light qualities on flowering and other physiological indicators of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.were studied to provide technical reference for B.spectabilis floweringregulation.【Method】With Brilliant Red Bougainvillea as experimental material,physiological indicators such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate(Tr)were determined every hour on a summer day under natural lighting conditions in Nanning.The daily variation dynamic figure was drew.Treated by purple,red and white light qualities and natural light,flower number,new branch length,chlorophyll content were determined after45d and70d of light irradiation.The effects of different light qualities on physiological indicators of B.spectabilis were analyzed.【Result】Daily variation of Pn and Tr presented asymmetric bimodal curve with obvious midday depression phenomenon.After45days and70d of purple light treatment,the flower numbers were171and23,increase rates were612.50%and2200.00%respectively.At the same time,the chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,and chlorophyll a+b content were greatly higher than other groups.The effects of B.spectabilis flowers treated by these light qualities were as follows:purple light>red light>white light>natural light.After45days and70days light irradiation,new branch growth of B.spectabilis in all treatments were inhibited.In purple light treatment,after45d and70d,new branch lengths were12.34and10.55cm,growth rates were-32.34%and-6.88%respectively,which were largely lower than other groups.Therefore,the inhibition effects of purple light treatment was the most obvious.【Conclusion】Under natural lighting conditions of summer day in Nanning,Brilliant Red Bougainvillea has obvious midday depression feature.Purple light is more favorable to the growth and the synthesis of chlorophyll.After using purple light to process B.spectabilis in production,the flower number at full-bloom stage in increased,flowering period is prolonged,new bran

关 键 词：三角梅 净光合速率(Pn) 蒸腾速率(Tr) 开花数 叶绿素 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]