时间生物学-2017年诺贝尔生理或医学奖解读  

Chronobiology——2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

作　　者：袁力 李艺柔 徐小冬[1] 何群 Li Yuan;Yirou Li;Xiaodong Xu(Hebei Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050024, China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学生命科学学院,石家庄050024 [2]不详

出　　处：《遗传》2018年第1期1-11,共11页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:31570285),教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(编号:NCET-13-0771),河北省教育厅研究生创新资助项目(编号:CXZZBS2017093)和河北师范大学大学生创新创业计划(编号:201710094011)资助

摘　　要：时间生物学主要研究生物节律的产生及生物钟的运行机制,2017年诺贝尔生理或医学奖的颁布再次引发人们对该领域诸多科学问题的高度关注。生物钟与日月运行引起的环境信号周期性保持同步,有利于生物节律的相位和组织稳态的精确维持。本文介绍了生物节律现象的早期研究及随后生物钟理论体系建立的发展简史,并结合2017年诺贝尔生理或医学奖的解读阐述了果蝇生物钟基因的发现与分子调控机理,进而简单归纳当前时间生物学领域的前沿科学问题,阐明生物钟研究的意义。Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines the generation of biological rhythms in various creatures and in many parts of body,and their adaptive fitness to solar-and lunar-related periodic phenomena.The synchronization of internal circadian clocks with external timing signals confers accurate phase response and tissue homeostasis.Herein we state a series of studies on circadian rhythms and introduce the brief history of chronobiology.We also present a detailed timeline of the discoveries on molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm in Drosophila,which was awarded the2017Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.The latest findings and new perspectives are further summarized to indicate the significance of circadian research.

关 键 词：时间生物学 生物钟 近日节律 组织稳态 环境适应性 

分 类 号：Q418[生物学—生理学]