植物古基因组学研究进展  

Progress in plant paleogenomics

作　　者：张太奎[1,2] 苑兆和 储成才[3] Taikui Zhang;Zhaohe Yuan(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [3]不详

出　　处：《遗传》2018年第1期44-56,共13页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：南京林业大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目(编号:GXL2014070),南京林业大学优秀博士学位论文创新基金项目,江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(编号:KYLX16_0857)和江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助

摘　　要：植物古基因组学是基因组学一个新兴分支,从现存物种中重建其祖先基因组,推断在古历史中导致形成现存物种的进化或物种形成事件。高通量测序技术的不断革新使测序读长更长、更准确,加快了植物参考基因组序列的组装进程,为古基因组学研究提供了大批量可靠的现存物种的基因组序列资源。全基因组复制(whole-genome duplication,WGD)亦称古多倍化,使植物基因组快速重组,丢失大量基因,增加结构变异,对植物进化极其重要。本文综述了植物基因组测序与组装研究进展、植物古基因组学的原理、植物基因组WGD事件以及植物祖先基因组进化场景,并对未来植物古基因组学研究进行了展望。As a new branch of genomics,plant paleogenomics reconstructs ancestral genomes from actual modern species and infers palaeohistory,evolutionary and/or speciation events that have shaped the modern species.Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies yield accurate long reads,promote the progress of plant genome sequence assembly,and thereby offer paleogenomics a large collection of valuable reference genomes from modern species.Whole-genome duplication(WGD)and polyploidization cause rapid genomic reorganization,massive gene losses and structural variations.WGD events are therefore central to plant evolution.In this review,we summarize recent progress in sequencing and assembly of plant genomes,principles of plant paleogenomics,WGD events in plant genomes,and the most likely evolutionary scenario in plants.Furthermore,we highlight some of the challenges as well as future directions.

关 键 词：植物基因组 测序与组装 古基因组学 全基因组复制 多倍化 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]