一膜覆二年和灌水量对玉米间作豌豆水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of plastic film mulching for two years and irrigation amount on water use efficiency of maize-pea intercropping system

作　　者：蔡莉娟 赵财 冯福学[2] 于爱忠[2] 刘畅[2] 柴强 CAI Li-juan;ZHAO Cai;FENG Fu-xue;YU Ai-zhong;LIU Chang;CHAI Qiang(Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2018年第1期29-34,41,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研项目(201503125-3);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B10)

摘　　要：【目的】解决干旱灌区大面积实行传统覆膜对土壤环境造成污染和灌量过大对水资源造成浪费的问题.【方法】本研究于2016年在甘肃省河西走廊开展田间试验,研究了一膜两年用(M_1)、传统耕作覆膜(M_2)两种覆膜方式与低(I_1:450mm)、中(I_2:495mm)和高(I_3:540mm)3个灌水量组合对玉米间作豌豆水分利用效率的影响,以期为该区地膜减投、节水间作种植模式提供科学依据.【结果】覆膜方式对玉米间作豌豆的总耗水量影响不显著,但增大灌溉量作物总耗水量显著增大.覆膜方式和灌水量均对棵间蒸发量影响显著,且互作效应显著.M_1在低、中、高灌水量下棵间蒸发量较M_2减小了22.8%,20.6%,18.1%,棵间蒸发量随灌水量的增大显著增大.覆膜方式和灌水量均对蒸散比(E/ET)影响显著,且交互作用对E/ET有显著影响.与M_2相比,M_1显著降低了低、中、高灌水量下E/ET,降低幅度为22.0%,16.7%,15.5%,随着灌水量的增加E/ET增大.覆膜方式对籽粒产量、生物产量影响不显著,灌水量对其影响显著.M_1I_2获得较高的籽粒产量和生物产量,分别达14 580.1kg/hm^2和31 227.6kg/hm^2,一膜覆两年中灌水量下WUE较高,达到18.8kg/(hm^2·mm).【结论】一膜两年用中灌水量可作为干旱灌区减少污染,提高资源利用效率的种植模式之一.【Objective】To solve the problems of soil pollution due to conventional mulching widely used and the waste of water resource caused by over-irrigation in arid area,a field experiment was conducted at Hexi Corridor,Gansu Province in2016.【Method】The experiment designed two tillage treatments:plastic film mulching for2years(M1)and conventional tillage(M2)and three irrigation levels:the low level(I1:450mm),medium level(I2:495mm)and high level(I3:540mm)to provide theoretical basis for reducing plastic film mulching input and water-saving strategies by assessing the water use efficiency in maize-pea intercropping system.【Result】The results showed that the treatment of plastic film mulching had no significant effect on total water consumption,but total water consumption increased significantly corresponding to the increasing irrigation level.Both plastic film mulching patterns and irrigation levels had significant effects on the soil evaporation,and the interaction effect between them was also significant.The treatment M1significantly decreased the soil evaporation under low,medium and high irrigation level by22.8%,20.6%and18.1%than that of M2,respectively.The soil evaporation increased with the increase of irrigation level.Plastic film mulching patterns and irrigation levels had significant effect on E/ET,and the interaction effect on E/ET was also significant.M1significantly decreased E/ET by22.0%,16.7%and15.5%compared to M2.The E/ET increased with increasing irrigation level.Plastic film mulching patterns had no significant effect on grain yield and biological yield,but the irrigation levels significantly affected them.The treatment M1I2obtained higher grain yield of14580.1kg/hm2and biological yield of31227.6kg/hm2.Plastic film mulching for2years obtained higher WUE of18.8kg/(hm2·mm)under medium irrigation level.【Conclusion】Plastic film mulching for2years can be used as an optimized cropping pattern for reducing soil pollution and improving resource use efficiency in arid irrigation area.

关 键 词：玉米 豌豆 间作 一膜覆两年 灌水量 棵间蒸发量 蒸散比 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S643.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]