增容剂对短切GF增强PP复合材料性能的影响  

Effects of Compatibilizers on Properties of Short GF Reinforced PP

作　　者：李俊杰 张琦[1] 张师军[1] Li Junjie;Zhang Qi;Zhang Shijun(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2018年第3期7-13,共7页Engineering Plastics Application

摘　　要：通过熔融共混法制备了短玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,加入不同种类和含量的马来酸酐接枝物以改善PP和GF的相容性,制备出既增强又增韧的GF增强PP复合材料。利用熔体流动速率(MFR)仪、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪、热变形温度(HDT)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能试验机对所制备的材料进行分析测试。结果表明,加入马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)和马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)均能增大复合材料的MFR,改善加工流动性;相比PP/GF复合材料,加入1份POE-g-MAH的复合材料的HDT提高了5℃,加入1份PP-gMAH的复合材料的HDT提高了14℃;而加入2份POE-g-MAH的复合材料的HDT远远高于加入2份PP-g-MAH的复合材料。加入短GF能够提高PP的结晶度,加入少量(1份或2份)PP-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH均能提高复合材料的结晶温度和起始结晶温度,具有异相成核的作用。通过SEM观察发现,加入两种接枝物均能增加GF表面附着的聚合物,提高GF与PP的粘附力;加入2份POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH的复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量最佳,相比PP/GF复合材料,分别提升25.1%和25.9%,38.0%和40.3%,13.9%和19.2%;常温(23℃)和低温(-20℃)简支梁缺口冲击强度分别提升76.6%和55.0%,42.2%和30.6%。两种接枝物均能提高GF增强PP复合材料的力学性能,且加入2份POE-g-MAH的复合材料不仅表现出与加入2份PP-g-MAH的复合材料相近的拉伸和弯曲性能,而且具有更优异的冲击性能。The short glass fiber(GF)reinforced polypropylene(PP)composites were prepared by melt process.The influences of contents and types of compatibilizers on the interface adhesion and mechanical properties were investigated by MFR,HDT,DSC,SEM and mechanical test.The high performance material was prepared successfully.The results indicate that the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer(POE-g-MAH),as well as the maleic anhydride grafted PP(PP-g-MAH),can enhance the MFR of the composite to improve the flow properties.The HDT of the composite added1phr POE-g-MAH shows5℃higher than PP/GF,the HDT of the composite added1phr PP-g-MAH shows14℃higher than PP/GF.The HDT of the composite added2phr POE-g-MAH is much higher than the composite added2phr PP-g-MAH.The degree of crystallinity of PP can be enhanced by introduced GF,and moderate amounts of compatibilizer(1phr or2phr)can enhance the crystallization temperature of PP due to the heterogeneous nucleation effect.The interfacial adhesion between GF and PP can be obviously improved by introducing compatibilizer,which has been evidenced by SEM.The composites added2phr POE-g-MAH or PP-g-MAH show the best tensile strength,flexural strength and flexural modules of elasticity,which are higher25.1%and25.9%,38.0%and40.2%and13.9%and19.2%than PP/GF respectively.At the room temperature(23℃)or low temperature(–20℃),the impact strengths of the composites added2phr POE-g-MAH or PP-g-MAH are higher76.6%and55.0%,or42.2%and30.6%respectively.Both POE-g-MAH or PP-g-MAH show excellent mechanical properties.Compared with the composite added2phr PP-g-MAH,the composite added2phr POE-g-MAH shows similar tensile and flexural properties,and exhibits better prominent impact performance.

关 键 词：聚丙烯 短玻璃纤维 马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯 马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体 力学性能 热性能 

分 类 号：TQ325.14[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]