24种鳞毛蕨科植物叶表皮形态特征的研究  

Morphological Features of Leaf Epidermis of Twenty-four Dryopteridaceae Species

作　　者：高晓雯 余佳玮 邱博蓉 丁晨 邬怿雯 戴锡玲[1] GAO Xiaowen;YU Jiawei;QIU Borong;DING Chen;WU Yiwen;DAI Xiling(College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院,上海200234

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2018年第2期264-273,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(15ZR1430500);上海市科学技术委员会课题(14DZ2260400);上海市绿化和市容管理局科学技术项目(G152430);上海植物种质资源工程技术研究中心项目(17DZ2252700)

摘　　要：该研究利用光学显微镜对鳞毛蕨科24种植物的叶表皮形态特征进行观察。结果表明:(1)24种鳞毛蕨科植物的上表皮细胞形状为长条形或不规则形,垂周壁为深波状或浅波状,下表皮细胞均为无规则形,垂周壁均为深波状;上表皮细胞长宽比在1.5~5.7之间,下表皮细胞长宽比在2.2~3.9之间。(2)在24种鳞毛蕨科植物中共观察到8种气孔器类型,分别为不等细胞型、无规则四细胞型、极细胞型、腋下细胞型、横列型、无规则型、聚腋下细胞型和聚合极细胞型,每种植物具有2~8种气孔器类型,气孔均为下生型,多为椭圆形;气孔的长宽比在1.2~1.8之间,气孔密度在17.4~86.0个/mm^2之间,气孔指数为8.60%~37.4%。(3)通过对24种鳞毛蕨科植物的观察可将其上表皮细胞形状、垂周壁形状、上表皮细胞长宽比、主要气孔器类型及衍生类型等作为叶表皮形态特征的分类依据。(4)根据叶表皮形态特征可将24种鳞毛蕨科植物分为2类:即耳蕨类和鳞毛蕨类。该研究在一定程度上支持秦仁昌分类系统对鳞毛蕨科的划分,为鳞毛蕨科植物的系统分类及演化研究提供基础资料。The epidermal morphology of24species of Dryopteridaceae was observed under light microscope.The results indicated that:(1)the shapes of upper epidermal cells of24species are strip or irregular,with sinuate or sinuolate anticlinal walls.The shapes of lower epidermal cells of24species are irregular,with sinuate anticlinal walls.The length to width radio of the upper epidermal cells is between1.5-5.7,and the length and width radio of the lower epidermal cells is between2.2-3.9.(2)Among these24species,8types of stomatal apparatus are observed,including aisocytic-type,anomotetracytic-type,polocytic-type,axillocytic-type,diacytic-type,dnomocytic-type,coaxillocytic-type and copolocytic-type.Each species has two to eight types of stomatal apparatus,all the stomatal apparatuses occur in the lower epidermis,and most of them are elliptical.Stomatal length to width ratio is between1.2-1.8;the stomatal density is17.4-86.0/mm2,and the stomatal index is8.60%-37.4%.(3)The shapes of the epidermal cells,the shapes of the anticlinal walls,the ratio of the length to width of the upper epidermal cells,the type of stomatal apparatus,the main types and the derived types can be served as the evidences for morphological classification of leaf epidermis.(4)On the basis of the leaf epidermis morphology,24species of Dryopteridaceae can be divided into two categories,Polystichum,Dryopteris.According to the results of leaf epidermal morphology,the classification system of Ching Ren-Chang was supported to a certain extent.This study provided basic data for the evolution and classification of the species of Dryopteridaceae.

关 键 词：鳞毛蕨科 叶表皮 气孔器 细胞形态 

分 类 号：Q944.56[生物学—植物学] Q949.36