西藏色季拉山野生药用植物资源多样性及其保护与利用  

Diversity of Medicinal Plant Resources and Their Protection and Utilization in Shegyla Mountains,Tibet

作　　者：罗建[1] 费文群[1] 李琴 兰小中[1,2] LUO Jian;FEI Wenqun;LI Qin;LAN Xiaozhong(Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet, Collaborative Innovation Center Construction of Research and Development on Tibetan Characteristic, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China;Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet- Southwest University, Medicinal Plants Joint Research and Development Centre, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院西藏特色农牧资源研发协同创新中心,西藏林芝860000 [2]西藏农牧学院西南大学药用植物联合研发中心,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2018年第2期353-362,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30860026);全国第四次中药资源普查西藏自治区中(藏)药资源普查项目(20120716-540000);西藏特色农牧资源研发协同创新中心建设--藏药项目(2014-2015)

摘　　要：该研究采取路线调查、样方套记录、野外标本采集鉴定以及查阅文献资料等方法,对色季拉山野生药用植物多样性进行了系统普查分析,为该区野生药用植物资源的保护、利用和系统研究提供科学依据。结果显示:(1)色季拉山共有野生药用植物104科350属647种,其中蕨类植物13科15属22种,裸子植物2科3属9种,被子植物89科332属616种。草本野生药用植物478种,占总种数的73.88%;木本植物169种,占总种数的26.12%;全草类、根与根茎类药用植物最多,分别占药用植物总种数的46.21%和30.14%。(2)含1~5种的单种科和寡种科为绝对多数,占色季拉山野生药用植物总科数的72.11%,但仅占药用植物总种数的22.57%;而含种数最多的7科,只占总科数的6.73%,却共含255种之多,占总种数的39.41%,对色季拉山药用植物资源的构建起主导作用。(3)含有1个种的属最多,占总属数的64.00%,色季拉山药用植物没有明显优势的大属,表明属的构成较为复杂多样。(4)清热是色季拉山药用植物的主要功效,共有260种清热药用植物,占药用植物总种数的40.19%。(5)民族药用植物83科249属360种,占色季拉山野生药用植物总种数的55.64%。其中,藏药植物在民族药用植物中所占比例最大,共有63科156属235种,占民族药用植物总种数65.28%。研究表明,色季拉山野生药用植物种类多样性较高,药用植物生活型、部位、药效、民族用药类型丰富,但部分珍稀濒危资源如云南红景天、天麻、西藏八角莲等个体数量极少,建议建立专门的保护区,加强对野生药用植物资源及其原生境的保护,并加强人工繁育研究,针对资源储量制定适度合理的采摘利用量,以期实现野生药用植物资源的可持续利用。The diversity of wild medicinal plants on Shegyla Mountains was investigated based on sample plots,field collections and literatures,which provides scientific basis for the protection,utilization and systematic research of wild medicinal plant resources in the area.The results showed that:(1)there were647wild medicinal plants,belong to350genera and104families,22of which from15genera and13families were ferns,and9of which from3genera and2families were gymnosperms,616plants species from332genera and89families belonged to angiosperms.From the life history of the wild medicinal plants,478of them were herbs and169of them were woody plants,accounting for73.88%and26.12%,respectively.The proportion of total herb used for traditional medicine was46.21%,and that of roots and rhizomes was30.14%.(2)At family s level,families including less than5wild medicinal plants accounted for72.11%,which was far more than the proportions of families including more than5wild medicinal plants,but the total number of these plant species was only22.57%of the total number of wild medicinal plants on Shegyla Mountains.In contrast,families including more than7plant species accounted for6.73%of the total number of families,but255the wild medicinal plants were included in these families and accounted for39.41%,which played an important role in the components of wild medicinal plants on Shegyla Mountains.(3)On genus level,those including1species accounted for the64.00%of the total number of genus,which suggested a high diversity of medicinal on genus level since no genus including most of the medicinal plant species was found.(4)On functional diversity,clearing heat was found in the260medicinal plant species,accounting for the40.19%of the total number of wild medicinal plants.(5)About360plants,belonging to249genera and83families,were found to be ethno-botanical uses.Among these plant species,235accounting for65.28%,were used by Tibetan.Collectively,this research suggested a high level of diversity of medicinal plant species on Shegyla Mountains,whi

关 键 词：野生药用植物 多样性 保护与利用 色季拉山 

分 类 号：Q949.95[生物学—植物学]