现代石油地质学——幔源油气理论  

Modern Petroleum Geology: Mantle Hydrocarbon Theory

作　　者：崔永强[1] CUI Yongqiang(Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company Limited,PetroChina,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163712,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《新疆石油地质》2018年第2期244-250,共7页Xinjiang Petroleum Geology

基　　金：中国石油集团公司重大专项(2017-2020)

摘　　要：现代科学理论、实验、航天探测、勘探开发实践成就已经证明,石油的大规模存在不以生命物质的存在为前提,石油源于地球100 km以下的深部,由先存的碳氢元素合成;而属于C—H—O体系的生物分子在任何条件下,都不能向重于甲烷的C—H体系烃类分子转化;烃类是地幔烃碱流体的组成部分,地幔烃碱流体上升过程中与围岩发生碱交代作用,在临界温度转化成富含金属、非金属和稀土元素的石油热液;石油热液在上升通道中发生分异,形成金属、非金属、稀土和油气矿藏。断陷盆地油气上升通道是小断距基底走滑断层,油气成藏于该类断层控制的花状断裂体系内部,分布距离花状断裂不超过2 km;压陷盆地油气上升通道是仰冲型造山带和盆地之间的逆冲断层,油气成藏于逆冲断层附近。进入断陷盆地水体中的石油热液,经历分异作用后,形成化学沉积层和油层;油层由于水化和氧化作用,进一步转化为石油沥青,石油沥青经历埋藏和热解将转化为煤层。进入大洋底部和陆地冻土带的烃类,在合适的温压条件下形成天然气水合物。大洋热液喷口、大洋和陆地泥火山是地球现代排气的窗口,盆地和油气藏正在接受深部油气的供给。The theories and experiments of modern science,space detection and achievements of exploration and development practices have proved that the large-scale existence of oil is not premised on the existence of living matter.Petroleum originates from the deep strata 100 km below the earth surface and is synthetized from the pre-existing carbon and hydrogen elements.Under any conditions,the biologi-cal molecules belonging to the C-H-O system can not be transformed into the hydrocarbon molecules of the C-H system heavier than meth-ane.Hydrocarbon is part of mantle hydrocarbon alkali fluid which will have an alkaline metasomatism with surrounding rocks during its go-ing upward and will transform into petroleum hydrothermal fluid containing metal,non metal and rare earth elements at the critical tempera-ture.The petroleum hydrothermal fluid differentiates in the upward channel and metal,nonmetal,rare earth and hydrocarbon reservoir are formed.The upward channels of hydrocarbon in the faulted basins are the small fault-throw strike-slip faults in basement,petroleum accu-mulates within the flower-like fracture systems controlled by the strike-slip faults and is distributed no more than 2 km from the flower-like fractures.The upward channels of hydrocarbon in the compressional basins are the thrust faults between obduction-type orogenic belts and the basins,and the hydrocarbon reservoirs are formed in the vicinity of the thrust faults.Chemical sedimentary formation and oil zones are formed after the differentiation of hydrocarbon hydrothermal fluid entering the faulted basins,and the oil zones will further convert into pe-troleum asphalt due to hydration and oxidation.Petroleum asphalt undergoing burial and pyrolysis will convert into coal seam.Hydrocarbon entering the bottom of oceans and tundras will change into natural gas hydrates under appropriate temperature and pressure.Oceanic hydro-thermal vents,oceanic and terrestrial mud volcanoes are the windows of modern earth's degassing.Basins and reservoirs are receiving the

关 键 词：幔源油气 化学热力学 烃碱流体 地球化学 大陆层控构造理论 小断距基底走滑断层 

分 类 号：TE112.11[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]