稻田冬季培肥对双季稻生长和土壤养分的影响  

Effects of winter fertilization on soil fertility and the growth of double cropping rice

作　　者：成小琳 周玲红[1] 徐华勤[1] 魏甲彬 张浪 唐剑武[1] CHENG Xiaolin;ZHOU Linghong;XU Huaqin;WEI Jiabin;ZHANG Lang;TANG Jianwu(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期1-6,共6页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家水稻岗位体系专家项目(CARS–01–30);湖南省科技计划项目(2016WK2009)

摘　　要：以中嘉早17号为早稻材料,以湘晚籼12号为晚稻材料,设置稻田冬季养鸡、施用生物炭、养鸡配施生物炭3种处理,以冬季休闲为对照,研究各处理下水稻的生长和产量及其土壤养分变化。结果表明:与对照相比,施用生物炭处理各生育期早稻的分蘖数降低,但二者差异无统计学意义,各生育期晚稻分蘖数显著提高;在双季稻生长的大部分时期,养鸡和养鸡配施生物炭处理双季稻的分蘖数、叶面积指数、干物质量和水稻产量构成均高于对照,双季稻的实际产量显著提高,产量增幅达8.3%~19.1%;养鸡配施生物炭处理双季稻田土壤的全氮、全磷和全钾含量提高。综合分析结果表明,在双季稻田冬季养鸡配施生物炭是一种既能提高水稻产量,又能提高土壤质量的冬闲田利用模式。Taking rice varieties Zhongjiazao17 and Xiangwanxian12 as early rice and late rice material respectively,four treatments(chickens raising in the field in winter(chickens for short),biochar application in winter(biochar),the combination of chickens raising and biochar application in winter(chickens&biochar for short)and winter fallow(as control))were conducted to study the effects of winter fertilization on the growth and yield of double-cropping rice and the nutrients changes of paddy soil.The results showed that compared with the control,the treatment of biochar reduced the tiller number of early rice slightly and increased significantly the tiller number of late rice in each growth stage.Both treatments of chickens and chickens&biochar increased the total number of tillers,leaf area index,dry matter and rice yield components in most of the growth period of double cropping rice.The yield of double cropping rice of the both treatments obtained 8.3%–19.1%increase,which was significant higher than that of the control.Moreover,the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil of biochar&chickens were increased at harvest time of late rice.The results of comprehensive analysis showed that biochar application combined with chickens raising in paddy field in winter is a mode of winter fallow field utilization that can improve both rice yield and soil quality.

关 键 词：水稻 生物炭 鸡粪还田 水稻产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]