增氧和施有机肥对土壤肥效及水稻生长的影响  

Effects of oxygen aeration and organic fertilizers on the efficiency of soil fertilizer and rice growth

作　　者：张立成[1] 胡德勇[2] 肖卫华[2] 彭沛宇 廖健程 丁鑫[2] ZHANG Licheng;HU Deyong;XIAO Weihua;PENG Peiyu;LIAO Jiancheng;DING Xin(College of Resources and Environments,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;College of Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学工学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期12-16,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31401951)

摘　　要：研究土壤增氧条件下施加绿肥(紫云英)和施加农家肥(干牛粪)对水稻生长和产量的影响。于水稻生长过程中不同时期采集处理组土壤样品,分析其碱解氮含量、速效磷含量和速效钾含量的变化;于水稻成熟后测定各处理组水稻的分蘖数、叶面积指数和产量等农艺性状指标。结果表明:增氧处理能够促进有机肥肥效元素的释放,提高土壤有效态肥效元素含量;增氧条件下,施加绿肥和农家肥均可促进水稻的分蘖生长,OAF(增氧施绿肥)和OCF(增氧施农家肥)处理的总分蘖数分别为51.34和50.16,对照组总分蘖数为36.93;增氧施农家肥处理比单施农家肥处理组的叶面积指数显著提高,增氧施绿肥处理与不增氧施绿肥处理组叶面积指数的差异无统计学意义;增氧施加有机肥处理组水稻的稻穗长度、穗结实粒数、每株谷粒质量均显著大于单施有机肥处理组,大于对照组。增氧与施有机肥相结合可有效提高土壤的肥效,促进作物生长。The effects of oxygen aeration and applying astragalus sinicus and dry cow dung on rice growth and yields were researched by analyzing changes of contents of AN(alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen),AP(available phosphorous)and AK(available potassium)in soil samples collected at different treatments and different stages of rice growth.The agronomic traits of tiller numbers,leaf area index and yields were recorded after rice maturation as well.The results showed that oxygen aeration could enhance elements release from organic fertilizers and increase available fertilizer contents.Tiller growth could be promoted both by applying Astragalus sinicus and dry cow dung under oxygen aerobic,and the total number of tillers in OAF(treatment with oxygen aeration and green fertilizer),OCF(treatment with oxygen aeration and farmyard manure)and CK(control)were 51.34,50.16 and 36.93,respectively.The leaf area index was significantly increased in treatment of oxygen aeration and applying dry cow dung compared to the treatment of only applying dry cow dung.However,there was no significant difference on leaf area index under whether oxygen aeration or not in the treatment of applying Astragalus sinicus.The ear length,number and weight of grains were all greater in the treatment of oxygen aeration with applying organic fertilizer than those in other and control treatments.The combination of oxygen aeration and applying organic fertilizer could effectively improve soil fertility and rice growth.

关 键 词：水稻 增氧处理 有机肥 紫云英 干牛粪 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]