不同栽培方式对秋繁花生土壤温度和农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effect of different cultivation methods on soil temperature and agronomic characters and yield of autumn peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

作　　者：王建国[1] 刘登望[1] 李林[1] 张昊[1] 何翔 万书波[3] 郭峰[3] 李雨晴[1] WANG Jianguo;LIU Dengwang;LI Lin;ZHANG Hao;HE Xiang;WAN Shubo;GUO Feng;LI Yuqing(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Biotechnology Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ji’nan,Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大生物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期17-21,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04);国家花生产业技术体系建设专项(CARS–14);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2015B230)

摘　　要：以大粒花生品种湘花2008为材料,设以下处理:A,地膜覆盖+打孔播种+遮阳;B,地膜覆盖+打孔播种;C,地膜覆盖+遮阳;D,地膜覆盖;E,露地播种+遮阳;以露地播种为对照(CK),研究不同栽培方式对秋花生土壤温度、出苗率、农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖+打孔播种+遮阳、露地播种+遮阳、CK的出苗率分别为81.9%,90.4%,85.7%,均显著高于其他处理;播种至出苗期,地膜覆盖处理的温度高于露地处理;结荚期和饱果期地膜覆盖+打孔播种+遮阳处理垄面、土层深5、10 cm处的温度显著高于CK;成熟期,地膜覆盖+打孔播种+遮阳处理白天土层深5、10 cm处的温度分别比CK高1.1~1.6、1.1~1.9℃,夜间土层深5、10 cm处的温度比CK高0.7~1.4、1.1~2.0℃;地膜覆盖+打孔+遮阳处理的主茎高和侧枝长与CK的差异达到显著水平,其单株结果数、饱果数分别比CK提高了38.4%、113.5%,产量提高了15.2%,且籽仁脂肪含量和油酸含量均高于CK,秋季繁殖系数达到15.8。综合分析,地膜覆盖+打孔播种+遮阳为湖南省秋繁花生较适宜的栽培方式。A large peanut variety Xianghua2008 was used as the material,and six treatments(A,film mulching+drilling sowing+shading;B,film mulching+drilling sowing;C,film mulching+shading;D,film mulching;E,open field sowing+shading;CK,open field sowing)were conducted to study the effects of different cultivation methods on diurnal variation and seasonal variation of soil temperature,emergence rate and agronomic traits,yield and quality of autumn peanuts.The results showed that the seedling emergence rates of A,E,and CK treatments were 81.9%,90.4%and 85.7%respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other treatments.During the podding and full–fruiting stages,A treatment had a significantly higher temperature at ridge surface and soil depths of 5 and 10 cm than CK.The temperatures at 5 cm and 10 cm soil depth of A treatment were 1.1–1.6℃and 1.1–1.9℃higher than those of CK respectively in the daytime and 0.7–1.4℃and 1.1–2.0℃higher in the night.Compared with CK,the main stem height and side branches length under film mulching+drilling sowing+shading treatment were significantly higher at the maturity stage.The number of pods,the full fruit pods number and the yield were 38.4%,113.5%and 15.2%higher than those of CK,and the fat content and oleic acid content in kernel were higher than those of CK,and the reproduction coefficient in autumn was 15.8.By comprehensive analysis,the cultivation method of film mulching+drilling sowing+shading was a suitable mode for autumn peanut in Hunan Province.

关 键 词：秋花生 栽培方式 温度 地膜覆盖 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]