基于压力-状态-响应模型的大伙房水库水源地安全评价研究  

Water Source Security Evaluation of Dahuofang Reservoir Based on PSR Model

作　　者：马玲玲[1,2] 周林飞 张婷婷[1,2] 李嫱 王铁良[1,2] MA Ling-lin;ZHOU Lin-fei;ZHANG Ting-ting;LI Qiang;WANG Tie-liang(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110461,China;Liaoning Shuangtaihe Estuary Westland Ecosystem Research Station,Panjin Liaoning 124112,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁双台河口湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,辽宁盘锦124112

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2018年第1期114-120,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31570706);辽宁省科技厅农业科技攻关项目(2012212001)

摘　　要：为了评价大伙房水库水源地的安全状态,结合水源地自身特性,分析了对其安全造成影响的因素,建立了水库型水源地安全的压力-状态-响应模型。运用此模型构建了3个层次的水源地安全评价体系,采用层次分析法确定指标权重。提出5级评价标准,根据评价指标的选择原则,选取了14个指标,确定各指标在各等级的取值范围,运用模糊综合评价法对各准则层及总体安全等级进行评价。评价结果表明:压力指标安全等级为Ⅲ,2012年大伙房水库供水的7座城市人口为负增长,且经济发展水平较高,但其流域所处的三县内,大量施用化肥、农药等,营养元素及污染源直接流入河中。状态指标安全等级为Ⅱ,库区水质满足Ⅱ级标准,富营养化等级为Ⅰ级,水体贫营养,但氮素含量高,依然有富营养的危险。响应指标安全等级为Ⅲ,其中废水排放达标率为95%,安全等级"高",但流域内水土流失严重,水土流治理率极低,且相关管理部门的监控及管理机制还不健全。大伙房水库水源地安全综合指数为2.4834,在2与3之间,更接近于2。总体安全等级为"高"级,但非常接近于"中"级。对水源地安全造成威胁的因素主要为非点源污染、水量不足、流域内大面积的水土流失及监控、管理的疏忽。对水源地保护提出了相应的措施,有利于水源地管理工作的顺利开展。In order to evaluate the safety status of Dahuofang Reservoir water source,in accordance with the characteristics of water source,we analyzed its influencing factors and established the pressure-state-response(PSR)model for drinking water source security.The security evaluation system with three levels was established based on the model with the indicator weights determined by analytic hierarchy process.The five-grade assessment standard was adopted,and according to the indicator selecting principles,14 indicators were selected.The ranges of every indicator in each grade were determined,and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the security grade of criterion layer and the whole system.The evaluation results indicated that the safety grade of the pressure index wasⅢ.The population of the seven cities using Dahuofang Reservoir water decreased in 2012,and level of economic development was high.In the three counties where the basin is located,lots of fertilizers and pesticides were used,thus the nutrients and pollution sources flowed directly into the river.The safety grade of the state index wasⅡ,the water quality in the reservoir area reached Grade II standard,eutrophication level wasⅠ,water had poor nutritious,but with high nitrogen,and there was still in danger of eutrophication.The safety grade of the response index wasⅢ.Wastewater discharge compliance rate was 95%,with high security level,but soil erosion was serious in the basin,with a low control rate.The monitoring and management mechanism of relevant management department was not sound.Dahuofang Reservoir water source safety comprehensive index was 2.4834.The overall security level was"high",but very close to the"middle"level.The main factors that threatened the safety of the water source were mainly non-point source pollution,insufficient water,large area of soil erosion and neglect of monitoring and management.The corresponding protective measures for water source were put forward,and it was helpful to develop the water sourc

关 键 词：压力-状态-响应模型 大伙房水库水源地 安全评价 指标体系 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]