柿果顶腐病与柿果矿质元素关系分析  

The relationship between mineral elements in fruits and top rot in persimmon

作　　者：徐阳[1] 邓全恩 龚榜初[1] 吴开云[1] 陈学初 滕国新 刘文 江锡兵[1] 莫明全 XU Yang;DENG Quanen;GONG Bangchu;WU Kaiyun;CHEN Xuechu;TENG Guoxin;LIU Wen;JIANG Xibing;MO Mingquan(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou　311400,China;Fruit Station of Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County Agriculture Bureau,Guilin　542500,China;Plant Nursery of Lanxi City in Zhejiang Province,Jinhua　321100,China;Millstone Mountain Persimmon Cooperation in Quwo County,Linfen　043400,China;Fruit Station of Pingle County,Guilin　542400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400 [2]广西恭城瑶族自治县农业局水果站,桂林542500 [3]浙江省兰溪市苗圃,金华321100 [4]山西曲沃磨盘岭甜柿合作社,临汾043400 [5]广西平乐县农业局水果站,桂林542400

出　　处：《植物保护》2018年第2期61-68,110,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD14B05);浙江省科技厅"十三五"果品农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052-10);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203047)

摘　　要：以广西、山西、陕西等地14个柿园的‘恭城水柿’、‘阳丰’为试材,分别研究各果园正常和病果果实氮、钾、钙、镁、锰、硼含量及比值差异,以期探索柿顶腐病与矿质元素的关系,为顶腐病防治提供理论依据。矿质元素对比分析表明:‘恭城水柿’及‘阳丰’顶腐病果钙含量均普遍低于正常果实;主成分分析结果显示:正常果含有较高钙、钾、氮含量;元素比值分析更清晰地表明:各品种顶腐病病果的N/Ca、K/Ca、(K+Mg)/Ca、K/(Mg+Ca)值普遍显著高于同果园中正常果实,Mg/Ca值显著低于同果园中正常果实。发病前,相对于正常果,病果K/Ca、K/(Mg+Ca)、(K+Mg)/Ca值高于正常果,钙元素含量与Ca/Mg值低于正常果,但未达到显著水平;发病后,这些差异越发明显,达到显著水平。综合分析认为:柿顶腐病与果实缺钙关系密切,柿果缺钙加大了顶腐病发病可能性,而果实矿质元素失调导致的生理性缺钙是病害发生的主要原因。To study the relationship between mineral elements and top rot in persimmon so as to provide the theoretical basis for persimmon top rot prevention and control,14 persimmon orchards,including seven‘Gongchengshuishi’persimmon orchards from Guangxi Province,and seven‘Youhou’persimmon orchards from Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces,were investigated in this research.The differences of N,K,Ca,Mg,Mn,B and each their mineral ratios were compared in persimmon fruits with and without TP(top rot).The results of mineral elements analysis showed that the calcium content of persimmon fruits with TP was generally lower than that of fruits without TP.Meanwhile,the results of principal component analysis showed that there were relatively higher contents of calcium,potassium and nitrogen in normal fruits than in fruits with TP.In other words,there might be a close relationship between TP and element imbalance in persimmon fruits.In addition,the results of mineral element ratio analysis clearly showed that there were significantly higher N/Ca,K/Ca,(K+Mg)/Ca and K/(Mg+Ca)values,significantly lower Ca/Mg values in the fruits with TP than in the fruits without TP.Before TP occurrence in fruits,there were no significantly but generally higher K/Ca,K/(Mg+Ca)and(K+Mg)/Ca values,and no significantly but generally lower calcium content and Ca/Mg value in the fruits with TP than in the fruits without TP.Moreover,these differences between fruits with TP and without TP tended to be significant after TP occurrence.In general,there was a close relationship between TP and calcium content in persimmon fruits.Low calcium content in persimmon fruits increased the possibility of TP occurrence.Therefore,the physiological calcium deficiency caused by mineral element imbalance was the major cause for TP.

关 键 词：柿 顶腐病 生理性缺钙 矿质元素失调 

分 类 号：S432.3[农业科学—植物病理学]