盐度对香港巨牡蛎♀×葡萄牙牡蛎♂杂交子代早期杂种优势的影响  

Effect of Salinity on Early Heterosis of Hybrid Larvae Between Crassostrea hongkongensis ♀× C.angulata ♂

作　　者：杜俊鹏 王昭萍[1] 于瑞海[1] 马培振 张哲[1] 李玲蔚 李鹏飞 DU Jun-Peng;WANG Zhao-Ping;YU Rui-Hai;MA Pei-Zhen;ZHANG Zhe;LI Ling-Wei;LI Peng-Fei(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Laizhou Changyu Fisheries Limited Company,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]莱州市长渔水产有限公司,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期31-39,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31172403)资助~~

摘　　要：本研究以香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)自繁组HH(H♀×H♂)、葡萄牙牡蛎(C.angulata)自繁组AA(A♀×A♂)和杂交组HA(H♀×A♂)为研究对象,采用盐度骤变法研究盐度为10、15、20、25、30、35下杂交子代的早期表型性状和杂种优势。研究表明,H♀与A♂只能单向受精;盐度10条件下,各组均无法受精;HA、AA、HH的适宜卵裂盐度分别为20~35、25~35、20~30,适宜孵化盐度分别为15~30、20~30、15~25。在卵裂阶段,杂交受精卵均产生不同程度的杂种劣势(H<0),杂种劣势最小为-10.168%,最大为-39.836%;在孵化阶段,杂交受精卵均存在一定的杂种优势(H>0),杂种优势最小为5.665%,最大可达137.413%。存活方面,在盐度10、15、35时HA、AA、HH的存活率迅速下降并于10日内全部死亡,HA在盐度20、25、30组存活至实验结束,HH、AA仅有2组存活,分别为盐度20、25组和25、30组,HA在盐度20和25时表现出一定的存活优势(H>0),分别为107.186%和7.775%。生长方面,HA在盐度20、25、30组于第4日均表现为显著的杂种劣势(H<0、hp<-1),于第10日盐度20组表现出杂种优势,第16日盐度25和30组表现为杂种优势。总体上,随着实验的进行杂交子代逐渐表现出生长优势,这表明杂交子代具有一定的生长潜力。The experimental groups HH(C.hongkongensis),HA(C.hongkongensis♀×C.angulata♂)and AA(C.angulata)were produced in this study,and salinity change was used to study the early phenotypic traits and heterosis of hybrid larvae at six salinities(10,15,20,25,30,and 35).The results showed that C.hongkongensis eggs can be fertilized by C.angulata sperms,but such fertilization was not reversible.No group was able to be fertilized at 10.The suitable cleavage salinities of HA,HH and AA ranged between 20 and 35,25 and 35 and 20 and 30,respectively,and the suitable hatching salinities of these groups ranged between 15 and 30,20 and 30 and 15 and 25,respectively.On the whole,the disadvantage of hybrid fertilized eggs,to some degree,was observed at cleavage period,which ranged from-10.168%to-39.836%,and the significant hybrid weakness was observed at 20.However,hatching periodperformed significant heterosis at 20,30 and 35,which ranged from 5.665%to 137.413%.The survival heterosis of hybrid larvae at 20 and 25 was vigorous than that at other salinities,which were 107.186%and 7.775%,respectively.However,there was some extent hybrid weakness at 15,30,35,which were-30.241%,-47.171%and-1.258%,respectively.The experimental groups of 20,25,30ppt showed the significant hybrid weakness in growth in 4 days;however,the 20 experimental group performed significant heterosis in 10 days,and the 25 and 30 experimental groups also showed some heterosis(1.760%,35.008%)in 16days.Hybrid larvaeshowed survival advantage gradually from survival disadvantage as the program went on,which indicated the growth potencyof the hybrids.

关 键 词：香港巨牡蛎 葡萄牙牡蛎 种间杂交 表型性状 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]