东北地区植被动态对气象干旱的响应特征研究  

Study on the Response Characteristics of Vegetation Greenness to Different Time-scale Meteorological Droughts Across Northeast China

作　　者：卢洪健 朱冰[1] 胡智丹 李岩[1] LU Hongjian;ZHU Bing;HU Zhidan;LI Yan(Hydrology Bureau of Ministry of Water Resources,People's Republic of China,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水文局,北京100053

出　　处：《人民珠江》2018年第3期26-30,共5页Pearl River

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项课题(201301040)

摘　　要：干旱是陆地生态系统生产力下降的驱动因子之一,但不同植被类型对干旱的敏感性差异明显,因此解析植被动态对干旱的响应模式及其潜在影响因素具有重要意义。基于中国东北地区1982—2012年NDVI和不同时间尺度SPI/SPEI数据,分析植被绿度年际波动对气象干旱时间尺度的响应特征。结果表明:(1)在东北地区,与森林相比,草地和农田对干旱更为敏感;(2)植被绿度变化对长期干旱的响应更明显,但空间差异很大;(3)植被对干旱最敏感的时段通常为6—7月,草地在9月份受干旱的影响也很明显。年降水量是东北地区植被干旱脆弱性空间分异的主要影响因素,森林干旱脆弱性与年降水量呈非线性关系,降水量700 mm的地区森林干旱脆弱性最高,各植被类型干旱脆弱性均随海拔升高而加重。研究结果可为区域干旱规划以及抗旱措施的制订提供基础支撑。Drought is one of the main driving factors for the decrease of productivity of terrestrial ecosystems,and the sensitivity of different vegetation types to drought is obvious.Therefore,it is of great significance to analyze the response pattern and its potential influencing factors of vegetation greenness to drought.Based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and different time-scale SPI/SPEI data from 1982 to 2012 in Northeast China(NEC),this paper analyzed the response characteristics of vegetation greenness interannual fluctuation to the meteorological arid time scale.The results showed that,in the northeast,grasslands and farmland were more sensitive to drought than forests.The change of vegetation greenness had more obvious response to the long-term drought,while there to be great variability in the spatial pattern.However,the period during which vegetation was most affected by drought for all biomes was between June and July,also,the grassland was highly sensitive to drought in September.It was found that the spatial pattern of vegetation vulnerability to drought was mainly controlled by annual precipitation amount,and more interestingly,there was a non-linear relationship between annual precipitation and forestland drought vulnerability.The vulnerability was in the peak,while the annual precipitation reached 700 mm,and the vulnerability for each vegetation types would increased with the elevation rise.The results could provide basic support for regional drought planning and drought relief measures.

关 键 词：植被绿度 干旱 时间尺度 干旱脆弱性 东北地区 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.6