三峡工程蓄水前后坝下游河段河道演变趋势分析  

The Evolution Trend along the Downstream Channel of the Three Gorges Dam before and after Impoundment

作　　者：方馨蕊 黄远洋[1] 吴胜军[1,2] 温兆飞 陈吉龙[1] FANG Xinrui;HUANG Yuanyang;WU Shengjun;WEN Zhaofei;CHEN Jilong(Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology/Key Laboratory of reservior water environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400714,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院/水库水环境重点实验室,重庆400714 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2018年第1期1-6,20,共7页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(D011003)

摘　　要：三峡工程是当今世界上最大的水利工程项目,对我国水利发展有着重要意义。但蓄水运用以来,清水下泄,坝下游河道发生长距离、长时间的沿程冲刷。河道原有自然属性发生改变,下游河段出现水土流失、河岸崩塌、泥沙淤积、环境污染等一系列问题。这给沿岸地区生态环境、居民生产生活带来了不利影响。本文以坝下游河道自然演变特征为基础,结合主要水利工程措施对河道的影响,通过对大量文献资料进行分析总结,揭示了三峡工程蓄水前后约60年间坝下游河段河道演变情况。研究表明,自然条件下,荆江河曲高度发展,河道问题严重;下荆江裁弯工程改善了下荆江的边界条件,河道演变基本按照人工疏导方向进行;葛洲坝工程运行5年后,荆江河段基本平衡;三峡工程运行初期,相近河段受影响程度较大,部分河段河势变化明显,但由于运行时间较短,深彻变化还未进一步凸显,从目前变化规律来看,仍将保持"冲刷-平衡-回淤"的演变过程。The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydrological engineering project in the world,and is of great sig?nificance to China.However,since the Three Gorges Dam’s impoundment in 2002,clear water discharged through the spillway of the dam has been scouring the river-beds and river banksfiercely.The originally natural property of the river has been changed,and a series of problems has occurred such as soil erosion,riparian col?lapse,sediment deposition and environmental pollution.These have adverse effects on the ecosystem and the people’s daily life along the coastal areas.Based on the natural evolution characteristics of the lower reaches and combined with the influence of the hydraulic project on the river channel,this paper analyzed the evolution trend along the downstream channels of the dam by using the historical records of nearly 60 years before and after the impoundment.Different evolution features are found to exit during different time periods.The Jingjiang river’s meander was highly developed under the natural conditions and caused serious riverway problems.The Cut-offs project has improved the boundary conditions of the river and made the riverway evolved basically following the direction of artificial dredge.After the five years operation of Gezhouba Dam,the Jingjiang river had nearly struck a balance.At the beginning of the operation of Three Gorges Project,the neighboring riverway has suffered.Judging from the current condition,the evolution pattern of“erosion-balance-siltation”is likely to be main?tained.

关 键 词：三峡工程 河道演变 坝下游河段 葛洲坝工程 下荆江裁弯工程 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]