运动员使用兴奋剂行为入罪的法律障碍及突破  

The Obstacles for Incriminating Athletes ' Use of Doping and Its Solutions

作　　者：杨春然[1] YANG Chunran(Law Department,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)法学系,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2018年第2期18-30,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(17YJA820038)

摘　　要：将运动员为了提高比赛成绩而使用兴奋剂的行为入罪,在实体法上有悖于法益保护原则或伤害原则,易陷入家长主义或伦理主义"泥潭";在程序法上,还会与审(裁)判独立原则、不得强迫自证其罪原则和禁止双重危险原则发生冲突。学界提出危害还原论,主张将使用兴奋剂的行为合法化;然而,这种观点忽视了未成年运动员的健康保护问题。认为:未成年人的健康权已以法益的形式获得刑法的承认,故可构成将使用兴奋剂的行为入罪的正当化的根据;由此建构的刑法禁止,只能处罚精英运动员和高水平运动员,普通运动员使用兴奋剂的,仅可基于未遂犯的理论受到禁止,但不宜于刑罚处罚。The fact that the criminal law prohibits the doping conducts has many difficulties,because it not only violates the concept of rechtsgut or the harm principle and comes into the parentalism or moralism,but also conflicts the procedural principles in the aspects of the unit of order law,the privilege against self incrimination and prohibition against double jeopardy.Therefore,the harm-reductionist approach permits to use certain performance enhancing drugs(PEDs),but it neglected the minor athletes’health.In fact,due to the minors'health being recognized as the rechtsgus with the penal law,it can justify the criminalization of anti-doping act.However,the prohibition can only punish the athlete elite and top-level athletes who use the PEDs,while the ordinary cannot be punishable because of the theory of aborted crime.

关 键 词：运动员 兴奋剂 入罪 法益保护原则 犯罪化 危害还原论 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]