追氮水平和种植密度对谷子产量及农艺性状的效应  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels and Planting Density on Agronomic Traits,Economic Traits and Yield of Millet

作　　者：杨忠[1] 任月梅[1] 郭瑞锋[1] 张绶[1] 冯婧[1] YANG Zhong;REN Yuemei;GUO Ruifeng;ZHANG Shou;FENG Jing(High Latitude Crops Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Datong 037008,China;National Millet Industry Technical System of Datong Comprehensive Test Station,Datong 037008,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所国家谷子糜子产业技术体系大同综合试验站,山西大同037008

出　　处：《华北农学报》2017年第A01期265-271,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：农业部科教司,国家现代农业谷子糜子产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-07-12.5-B7);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2014-089)

摘　　要：为响应国家控制农业面源污染及普及春播早熟区谷子轻简高效栽培技术,掌握大同29号群体结构动态变化和氮肥高效利用,采用追氮密度裂区试验。结果表明:在本区域有条件的谷子种植区,在基肥的基础上,应该在拔节期间进行追施氮肥,追施量以纯氮120~135 kg/hm^2为最佳。种植密度在水地条件下不宜稀植,种植密度应该为33~36万株/hm^2。随追氮水平的增加(N1-N4)产量增加、茎粗变粗、穗长增长、生物产量提高、穗重增加、穗粒重增加,到了N5水平均呈下降趋势。随种植密度的增加(M1-M4)产量持续增加、茎粗变细、穗长变短、生物产量减少、穗重减轻、穗粒重降低,株高变化不规律。追氮水平与种植密度互作效应不明显。SPAD值与产量、追氮水平存在显著相关关系,与种植密度相关性不强。春谷早熟区谷子栽培中合理的群体结构和适宜的追氮量是轻简高效高产的重要因素。In order to respond to the national control of agricultural pollution,popularize the millet cultivation techniques of spring cultivation and early maturing areas,Datong 29 as the test material was planted and the different planting densities and nitrogen fertilizers were set up to study the suitable planting density and nitrogen fertilizer in order to grasp the dynamic changes of the population structure and the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer.The results showed that it should apply nitrogen fertilizer during the jointing period and the suitable nitrogen fertilizer was 120-135 kg/ha.The suitable planting density was 330 000-360 000 plants/ha.The yield,stem diameter,spike length,biomass,spike weight and spike grain weight showed an increase trend and then decreased with the increased of nitrogen fertilizer.The yield showed an increase trend and the stem diameter,spike length,biomass,spike weight and spike grain weight showed a decrease trend as the increased of planting density,while the plant height showed an irregular trend.The interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density was not obvious.SPAD value showed a significant correlation with yield and nitrogen fertilizer level,while not related to the planting density.Reasonable population structure and suitable nitrogen fertilizer are the important factors in millet cultivation of early maturing area.

关 键 词：追氮水平 种植密度 谷子 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]