关系的负面效应与身份间消极互动  

Negative Effects of Relationship and Negative Interaction Between Identities

作　　者：刘乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2018年第3期136-154,160,共19页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：中国人民大学2016年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划的阶段性成果;国家留学基金管理委员会2017年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目的资助

摘　　要：关系具有正负两面性。其中,关系的负面性是指行为体在关系联结与互动过程中所承担的风险和付出的代价。关注关系的负面性,有助于我们理解行为体之间相互弱化彼此身份认知的消极互动:关系的负面效应催生特定身份与其反向身份之间产生角色规范不协调与行为预期不匹配的身份错位,进而引发彼此在不一致方向上高强度往来的互动失衡,最终使得互动双方围绕不对称关系的疏密程度而陷入强权方担心"被牵连—被离心"、弱权方忧虑"被束缚—被抛弃"的关系困境。美国和巴基斯坦对于两国不对称反恐联盟在"议题伙伴"与"安全盟友"之间的身份错位引发双方在充分行动配合与实质安全合作之间的互动失衡并最终使得美巴双边安全关系陷入疏密失宜的两难困境就是一个例证。鉴于此,行为体之间的身份互动应该根据双方共有的关系基础而确立适宜的交往边界并保持恰切的关系距离,以期缓解关系的负面效应。Every relationship comes with a price.Understanding this will help us to make a good sense of negative interactions between identities.Influenced by the negative effects of relationship,there will be an identity mismatch between two connected actors.And then,they are going to interact with each other with high intensity but off balance.As a result,they will fall into a dilemma,in which the strong power is afraid of estrangement and entrapment,while the weak power is worrying about abandonment and constraint.In order to prove it,the author takes U.S.-Pakistan counterterrorism cooperation as a case study.Because of their identity mismatch,the United States wishes to cooperate with Pakistan sufficiently under the framework of coalition.By contrast,Pakistan hopes that their cooperation may cover more security issues as what the U.S.formal allies do.Therefore,they are in a dilemma of being too intimate or too isolated.To ease these negative effects,it is better to build a reasonable interaction border and keep a proper social distance in the relationship.

关 键 词：身份政治 关系理论 不对称互动 美巴关系 反恐联盟 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]