基于GIS和Huff模型的城市避震疏散区优化配置  

Optimizing Allocation of Urban Seismic Shelter for Evacuation Based on GIS and Huff Model

作　　者：单宝艳 邱芸 范开放 王康平 SHAN Baoyan;QIU Yun;FAN Kaifang;WANG Kangping(School of Surveying and Geo-informatics,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2018年第2期22-26,共5页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目(2012-K8-22);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(12YJA790019);山东省住房和城乡建设厅抗震防灾课题研究项目(21000120170025-002);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016DQ06);山东省高校科技计划项目(J16LH05)

摘　　要：基于济南市部分区域遥感影像,采用目视判读和实际调查相结合的方法,获取研究区域的居住区、避震疏散区、道路网等空间数据和属性数据。采用GIS缓冲区分析方法,对危险点进行缓冲区分析并与避震疏散区进行叠加分析,获取有效避震疏散区。采用Huff模型、基于交通网络的服务区分析、泰森多边形等GIS空间分析方法,分别研究了固定避震疏散区与居住区、紧急避震疏散区与居住区的合理配置。研究认为:当需要紧急避难时,应根据基于泰森多边形的邻近区分析结果和基于Huff模型的分析结果,实现紧急避震疏散区与居住区的优化配置;当需要较长时间避震和进行集中救援时,应根据基于交通网络的服务区分析结果和基于Huff模型的分析结果,实现固定避震疏散区与居住区的优化配置;应根据避震疏散区可容纳人数与居住区避难人数的对比分析结果,综合提出紧急、固定避震疏散区与居住区的优化配置方案。Based on the remote sensing image of part areas in Jinan,to obtain the residential areas,elusion and dispersion zone,road network and other spatial data and attribute data in the study area,the visual interpretation method was used combined with the actual survey.Firstly,the spatial buffer analysis was done based on the risk points,and the results were analyzed through overlaying the elusion and dispersion zone to get the effective elusion and dispersion zone.Then the Huff model,network-based service area analysis,Thiessen polygons method and other GIS spatial analysis were applied to study the optimal allocation of the seismic shelter for evacuation and the residential areas.The advantages and disadvantages of Huff model and other methods were analyzed.The results are as follows:1)While emergency shelter is needed,the analysis results of the Huff model and the proximity area based on the Thiessen polygons should be used to realize the optimal allocation of emergency seismic shelter for evacuation and residential areas.2)While it takes longer to avoid the earthquake,the analysis results of the Huff model and the service area based on networks should be used to realize the optimal allocation of fixed seismic shelter for evacuation and residential areas.3)The optimal allocation plan for emergency or fixed seismic shelter for evacuation and residential areas should be put forward based on the comparison results of the capacity of the seismic shelter for evacuation and the number of residents in the residential areas.

关 键 词：避震疏散区 地理信息系统 Huff模型 网络分析 叠加分析 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]