风险负担规则之完善  

On the Perfection of Rules of Risk-assuming

作　　者：崔建远[1,2] Cui Jianyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院 [2]中国法学会民法学研究会

出　　处：《中州学刊》2018年第3期56-61,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"法学方法论与中国民商法研究"(13AZD065);清华大学自主科研计划课题"中国民法典编纂重大理论问题研究"(2015THZWJC01)

摘　　要：就本质和分工而言,风险负担与违约责任在出发点、着眼点、目的及功能方面不同,应分属两项法律制度。但在第三人的原因导致合同不能履行的情况下,不利益的分配并非总是按照风险负担规则进行,违约责任可能发挥作用;特别是在当事人一方有过错、风险转移于他(它)的情况下,某些"风险负担"蜕变为"违约责任的承担"。买卖合同中的风险负担采取交付主义;租赁物灭失的风险负担遵循天灾由所有权人负担的思想,租赁物毁损、部分灭失场合的风险负担应结合承租人的目的落空与否、承租人是否继续承租等因素综合判断;承揽合同中材料的风险负担原则是由所有权人承担风险,工作成果于其完成时即归定作人享有所有权的,风险由定作人负担,否则,风险负担采取交付主义;技术合同中的风险负担奉行合理分担主义。In terms of essence and division of labor,risk assuming and liability for breach of contract are different in the starting point,focus,purpose and function,which should be divided into two legal systems.However,the distribution of non benefits is not always based on the risk assuming rules;the liability for breach of contract may play a role if a party fails to perform its obligation due to any reasons attributable to the third party.Especially when the risk is transferred to one of the parties as its fault,the"risk assuming"would be transformed into"the burden of breach of contract".In sale contract,the risk shall be borne by the seller prior to the delivery and by the buyer after delivery.In leasing contract,the risk of loss of lease item are borne by the owner,the risk-assuming of damage and partial loss of lease item should be combined with whether the purpose of the lessee is realized or not and leasing will continue or not.In contracts for work,the risk of materials should be borne by owner in principle;otherwise,the risk would be borne by ordering party if the ownership will transfer to him at the completion of the work.In technology contract,the risk assuming is based on rational sharing doctrine.

关 键 词：风险负担 违约责任 交付主义 所有人主义 合理分担主义 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]