农地股份制改革的价值、困境及路径选择  

The Values, Dilemmas and Future Paths of Farmland Shareholding System Reform

作　　者：徐文[1,2,3] Xu Wen

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学法学院 [2]McGill University,Faculty of Law [3]西南政法大学中国不动产研究中心

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2018年第2期2-15,共14页China Rural Survey

基　　金：本文研究受到教育部哲学社会科学研宄重大攻关项目“农村土地股份制改革的理论探索与制度设计”(编号：13JZD007)的资助。

摘　　要：如何在推进农村土地"三权分置"的过程中保障集体经济组织成员的利益,是农村经济能否获得更平衡、更充分发展的关键。本文以可实现的市场化效果为标准,比较了现有的转让、出租、转包、互换、入股、抵押等土地承包经营权流转方式,论证了实施农地股份制改革的价值,辨明了实施这一改革的困境并提供了解决方案。农地股份制兼具整合价值与分离价值,在其改革实施过程中面临农民股东参与经营管理具有被动性和股份制经济组织代理成本过高的双重困境,可考虑通过引入机构股东与构建农民股东表决权外包机制,实现对农民股东的确权和对实际经营权人的限权,进而保障今后农地股份制改革中集体经济组织成员的财产性权利。This study aims to exqjlore a way to guarantee the benefits of collective members in the reform of separation of fermland rights,which serves as a key factor in realizing a more balanced and adequate development of rural economy.Based on the criterion of t(degree of marketization,,s the study compares the existing methods for circulating collective farmland,including transfer,lease,sub-contracting,interchange,rmland as share and mortgage.It discusses the values and dilemmas of the reform of rmland shareholding system and possible solutions to the dilemmas.The results show that the reform has an integtHtion value and a separation value.In the implementation of the reform,there are two dilemmas that need to be resolved,namely,the passive behaviors of fenners as shareholders and high agency cost in the shareholding system.The study suggests introducing institutional shareholders and allowing the existence of share-bonowing system as two effective measures to tackle the two aforementioned dilemmas,to ensure shareholders,rights and confined power of active managers.That may fiirther guarantee the properly rights of collective members in fixture farmland shareholding reforms.

关 键 词：农地股份制 集体土地 “三权分置” 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]