从语言类型学的角度来看汉语“体词谓语句”“是字句”的定位问题  

The View of Linguistic Typology to the Registration Problem of Substantival-predicated Sentence and “shi”(是) Sentence in Chinese

作　　者：张麟声[1,2] ZHANG Linsheng(Graduate School of Humanities and Sustainable System Sciences,Osaka Prefecture University,Osaka 5998531 Japan;College of International Studies,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009 China)

机构地区：[1]大阪府立大学人文社会系统科学研究院 [2]扬州大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国际汉语学报》2017年第2期1-14,共14页International Journal of Chinese Studies

摘　　要：本文首先介绍了Shopen,T(ed)(1985)所代表的语言类型学领域里基于谓语成分性质给句子分类的情况。接着,以此为借鉴,从注重功能的角度梳理汉语语法研究史上的有关学说,认为高名凯(1948)、吕叔湘主编(1980)的主张比较合理,即所谓的“体词谓语句”和“是字句”应该归作一类,相当于Shopen,T(ed)(1985)里的nominal predicates。并且,鉴于汉语有因用不用系词而产生的“体词谓语句”和“是字句”两种句式的情况,在阅读有关文献的基础上,初步提出了以下假说:相当于汉语“体词谓语句”和“是字句”的“名词+名词”“名词+系词+名词”并存的现象是孤立型SVO语言的类型性特征。而典型的黏着型SOV语言的名词谓语句应为“名词+名词+系词”程式,不存在“名词+名词”的现象。This paper firstly introduces the Shopen,T(ED)’s typical theory of linguistic typology which claims that a sentence should be classified by its predicate properties,then,as a reference,combs the related theory research on Chinese grammar history from the functional perspective,it finds that Gao Mingkai and LvShuxiang's opinion are more reasonable,because they claim that substantival-predicated sentence and“shi”(是)sentence should be classified as a class,the equivalent of Shopen,T(ED)'s nominal predicates.And,in view of the fact that the substantival-predicated sentence and“shi”(是)sentence were caused by the use of Copula in Chinese,based on related literature,it put forward the following hypothesis:The phenomenon of the coexistence of“noun+noun”,“noun+copula+noun”forms in substantival-predicated sentence and“shi”(是)sentence is the typological characteristics of isolated SVO language.The nominal predicate sentence of typical adhesive SOV language should be“noun+noun+copula”program,there is no phenomenon of“noun+noun”.

关 键 词：语言类型学 “体词谓语句” “是字句” 定位 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]