从同姓到同宗:宋明吉安地区的宗族实践  

From Same Surname Group to Same Lineage: the Practice of Lineage in Area of Ji'an from the Song to Ming Dynasties

作　　者：黄志繁[1] HUANG Zhi-fan(History School,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学历史学系,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《安徽史学》2018年第2期134-141,168,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：由于礼制等因素的局限,宋代吉安地区的许多家族虽然是同姓,但各自拥有不同的世系,族谱也不统一,因而即使有欧阳修等著名人物进行修撰族谱的活动,他们也无法成为一个实体性的宗族。南宋以后,以杨万里家族为代表的吉安地区宗族通过建构一个同姓团体认可的"始祖",来达到统一世系,突破礼制中祭祀代数限制的目的。同时,他们还运用家族名人资源,从建立名人专祠入手,逐渐建立起拥有祀产的祠堂,并形成自身独特的宗族文化。吉安地区宋明时期的宗族实践表明,考察宗族问题,"始祖的建构"所带来的世系突破是非常关键的环节。只有始祖成功构建出来,宗族的世系有了一个起点,族谱的统一和祠堂的修建才能顺理成章,同姓才能转变成同宗。随着后世宗法礼制的进一步松弛,始祖认定所带来的世系起点,又被进一步突破,从而演变成为同姓即同宗的局面,此时血缘关系已经变得不再重要,宗族文化成为同姓认同的核心。As a result of ritual restrictions,many families in Ji'an in the Song Dynasty was the same surname group,but each had a different and uniform genealogy,so even with Ou Yang-xiu and other famous people wrote genealogy,they could not become a substantive lineage.In order to break the limit of rite and unit the ancestor lineage,as the representative of the Ji'an in the southern Song Dynasty,Yang Wan-li's family constructed a“first ancestor”accepted by all of same surname group.At the same time,they also constructed the ancestral hall which had sacrifice property by using the resources of famous people of their family,and then their own unique culture of lineage had been formed.In view of history of lineage practice from the Song to Ming Dynasties in Ji'an,it was the ritual breakthrough of ancestor lineage of“construction of first ancestor”that was the key of research lineage.Only first ancestor had been successfully constructed,the lineage genealogy had a starting point,the construction of ancestral hall and the unity of ancestral genealogy could be in a natural progression,and then same surname groups could been became a lineage.With the further relaxation of the law and rite of clan,the starting point of first ancestor had been further broken,which brought about the fact of the same surname groups namely being the same lineage.The blood relationship has become very unimportant;the lineage culture has become the core of identity of same surname groups.

关 键 词：宋明时期 吉安 宗族 始祖 世系 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]