干湿交替灌溉对水稻花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响  

Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Post-anthesis Remobilization of Assimilates and Grain Filling of Rice

作　　者：徐云姬 许阳东 李银银 钱希旸 王志琴 杨建昌 XU Yun-Ji;XU Yang-Dong;LI Yin-Yin;QIAN Xi-Yang;WANG Zhi-Qin;YANG Jian-Chang(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety,the Ministry of Education of China,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2018年第4期554-568,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31461143015,31471438),国家科技支撑计划项目(2014AA10A605),国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300206-4),江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)和扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目(2015-1)资助。

摘　　要：为阐明干湿交替灌溉对水稻花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响及其生理原因,大田种植扬两优6号、武运粳24和旱优8号3个水稻品种,自移栽后10 d起,设置常规灌溉(CI)、轻干-湿交替灌溉(WMD)和重干-湿交替灌溉(WSD)3种灌溉模式,观察产量及构成因素、强弱势粒灌浆动态、籽粒中酶活性变化、剑叶光合性能、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)运转及其淀粉水解酶活性变化,并利用^(13)C同位素示踪茎鞘物质运转动态。结果表明,与CI相比,WMD显著增加了3个水稻品种的每穗粒数、千粒重和结实率,进而提高籽粒产量。WMD显著提高千粒重和结实率的主要原因是促进了弱势粒的灌浆。WMD和WSD显著增强了茎鞘α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性,促进同化物质再运转与分配,提高茎鞘储藏物质对粒重的贡献率。其中WMD提高了剑叶光合性能以及增强了水稻弱势粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性,WSD的作用相反。表明较好的叶片性能、花后茎中较多的同化物向籽粒转运、较高的茎鞘淀粉水解酶活性以及弱势粒中较高的糖代谢酶活性是WMD促进弱势粒灌浆的重要生理原因。Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)has been widely adopted in rice production for saving water and increasing water use efficiency.However,there is limited information about how AWD affects post-anthesis remobilization of assimilates and grain filling.To elucidate this issue,we planted three rice cultivars,including Yangliangyou 6(indica hybrid),Wuyunjing 24(japonica)and Hanyou 8(japonica)in the field.With treatments of conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation(WMD)and alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation(WSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.Grain yield and its components,grain filling of superior and inferior spikelets,changes in activities of the key enzymes involved in the conversion from sucrose to starch in grains,photosynthetic traits of flag leaf,the remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates in stems(culms and sheaths)and changes in starch hydrolytic enzymes in stems were investigated and isotope 13C was applied to trace redistribution of stem reserves.WMD significantly increased number of spikelets per panicle,1000-grain weight,percentage of filled grains and grain yield of all the tested cultivars as compared with CI.Increases in 1000-grain weight and percentage of filled grains under WMD were mainly due to the enhancement of grain filling in inferior spikelets.Both WMD and WSD significantly enhanced the activities ofα-amylase andβ-amylase in stems and promoted translocation and redistribution of stem reserves,and increased the contribution of reserved carbohydrates in stems to grain yield.Moreover,WMD strengthened photosynthetic efficiency of flag leaf and enhanced the activities of the key enzymes involved in the conversion from sucrose to starch in inferior spikelets,whereas WSD exhibited the opposite effects.The results suggest that better leaf performance and higher activities of starch hydrolytic enzymes in stems,more remobilization of assimilates from stems to grains,and stronger activities of the key enzymes involv

关 键 词：水稻 干湿交替灌溉 籽粒灌浆 13C同位素示踪 强势粒 弱势粒 茎鞘物质运转 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]