灌浆期高温与干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及淀粉积累的影响  

Effects of High Temperature and Water Deficiency during Grain Filling on Activities of Key Starch Synthesis Enzymes and Starch Accumulation in Wheat

作　　者：胡阳阳 卢红芳[1] 刘卫星[1] 康娟[1] 马耕[1] 李莎莎 褚莹莹 王晨阳[1,2] HU Yang-Yang;LU Hong-Fang;LIU Wei-Xing;KANG Juan;MA Geng;LI Sha-Sha;CHU Ying-Ying;WANG Chen-Yang(Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;National Wheat Engineering Research Center,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450002 [2]国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《作物学报》2018年第4期591-600,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300204);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD26B01);河南省小麦产业技术体系建设专项(S2010-01-G07)资助~~

摘　　要：高温与干旱是小麦灌浆期的主要胁迫逆境,影响小麦同化物的生成及其在籽粒中的积累。本文以郑麦366为试验材料,采用盆栽和人工气候室模拟相结合的方式,研究了灌浆期高温(HT)、干旱(DS)和高温干旱复合胁迫(HT+DS)对小麦籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性、淀粉及其组分的影响。于花后10 d将长势均匀一致的盆栽小麦转移至人工气候室,至小麦成熟。人工气候室设适温(昼25℃/夜15℃)和高温(昼32℃/夜22℃)两种温度模式,每种温度模式下又设置正常水分(土壤相对含水量75%左右)和轻度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量50%左右)两个土壤水分处理,以适温、正常水分处理为对照。与对照相比,HT、DS及HT+DS条件下籽粒可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)和结合态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性在胁迫初期显著升高,之后迅速下降;淀粉分支酶(SBE)、ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)和蔗糖合酶(SS)活性在小麦籽粒整个灌浆过程中均低于对照;上述酶活性还受高温与干旱互作的显著影响。HT、DS及HT+DS逆境下,小麦籽粒淀粉积累速率减小,籽粒直、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量下降,生育期缩短,粒重和产量降低。其中,HT的影响大于DS,复合胁迫的影响大于单一胁迫。相关分析表明,SSS和GBSS活性与籽粒直、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量在多数测定时期呈正相关(P<0.01),AGPase、SBE和SS活性在灌浆后期(花后22～26 d)与籽粒直、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量呈正相关(P<0.01)。表明高温干旱胁迫通过淀粉合成关键酶而影响籽粒淀粉的合成与积累,最终影响小麦产量和品质。High temperature and drought,the major abiotic stresses during grain filling of winter wheat,have great influence on photosynthate accumulation in grains.In this study,we evaluated the effects of high temperature,drought and the compound stress at grain-filling stage on the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes and the contents of starch and its components in grains of winter wheat cultivar‘Zhengmai 366’.The pot-grown plants were moved from field to the climate chamber at 10 days after anthesis and exposed to the stresses until maturity.The climate chamber was desired with the normal growth condition(25?C/15?C,day/night)and high temperature(HT)stress(32?C/22?C,day/night)treatments.Under each temperature treatment,the soil moisture was adjusted to^75%(normal)and^50%(drought stress,DS),respectively.The normal temperature and soil moisture condition was taken as the control.Compared with the control,HT,DS,and HT+DS significantly increased activities of soluble starch synthase(SSS)and granule bound starch synthase(GBSS)at early period of stress and rapidly declined them subsequently.However,all stress treatments reduced the activities of starch branching enzymes(SBE),ADPG pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)and sucrose synthase(SS)during the whole grain-filling stage.The interaction between HT and DS was significant on all enzyme activities.Under HT,DS and HT+DS conditions,starch accumulation rate of grain,and the contents of amylose,amylopectin and total starch decreased and growth duration shortened,leading to reduced grain weight and yield at maturity.HT showed greater influence than DS,and the effect of compound stress was larger than that of each individual stress.Correlation analysis revealed that the activities of SSS and GBSS were positively correlated with the contents of amylose,amylopectin and total starch at most stages(P<0.01),whereas,those of SBE,AGPase and SS at late grain-filling stage(22–26 days after anthesis)(P<0.01).These results indicate that high temperature and drought stresses cause yield loss

关 键 词：冬小麦 复合胁迫 高温 干旱 淀粉合成酶 淀粉积累 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]