《墨子》“沮以为善”解诂——句法、语义关联一例  

Interpretation of the Structure ju yi weishan(沮以为善) in Mo-tse——A Case of Relevance between Syntax and Semantics

作　　者：张萍[1] ZHANG Ping(College of Liberal Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《牡丹江师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2018年第2期107-111,共5页Journal of Mudanjiang Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海市教委科研创新一般项目(14YS014);上海市哲学社会科学"十二五"规划青年课题(2014EYY004)

摘　　要：《墨子·尚贤下》"沮以为善"多被解为"阻止他们为善",其中"沮"解为"阻","以"解为"其"。事实上,这一理解不符合上下文语句衔接的连贯性。"沮以为善"结构与同篇"疾以助人""勉以分人""劝以教人"相同。其中,"以"都是表示修饰关系的连词,"沮"、"劝"与"疾"、"勉"性质相同,都是形容词,表示进行某一行为时的主观态度,"劝"表示"积极的、努力的","沮"表示"消极的、懈怠的"。由此,"沮以为善"的意思应当是"不积极地去做善事"。在古书注解时,当尽量避免"语义先入为主",而要把语义与句法分析有机结合起来,正确解析句法结构,从而准确理解并把握语义。The structure ju yi weishan(沮以为善)in Mo-tse is usually interpreted as“to stop them doing good”,interpreting ju(沮)as zu(阻)and yi(以)as qi(其).This interpretation does not conform to the coherence of context cohesion.The structure ju yi weishan(沮以为善)is similar to structures ji yi zhuren(疾以助人),mian yi fenren(勉以分人),and quan yi jiaoren(劝以教人)in the same chapter,in which yi(以)is a conjunction indicating a kind of modifying relation,while ju(沮)and quan(劝)are both adjectives like ji(疾)and mian(勉)describing an subjective attitude of performing a certain action.quan(劝)means“active and making great efforts”and ju(沮)means“negative and getting slack”.The structure ju yi weishan(沮以为善)means“negative and getting slack at doing good”.Analyzing the syntactic structure correctly helps to understand semantic meaning.When interpreting ancient books,semantic and syntactic analysis should be combined so as to avoid semantic preconceptions.

关 键 词：《墨子》 “沮以为善” 句法结构 语义辨析 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]